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Getting the within Estimator of Cross-level Interactions in Multilevel Models with Pooled Cross-sections: Why Country Dummies (Sometimes) Do Not Do the Job
Sociological Methodology ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-11-15 , DOI: 10.1177/0081175018809150
Marco Giesselmann 1 , Alexander W. Schmidt-Catran 2
Affiliation  

Multilevel models with persons nested in countries are increasingly popular in cross-country research. Recently, social scientists have started to analyze data with a three-level structure: persons at level 1, nested in year-specific country samples at level 2, nested in countries at level 3. By using a country fixed-effects estimator, or an alternative equivalent specification in a random-effects framework, this structure is increasingly used to estimate within-country effects in order to control for unobserved heterogeneity. For the main effects of country-level characteristics, such estimators have been shown to have desirable statistical properties. However, estimators of cross-level interactions in these models are not exhibiting these attractive properties: as algebraic transformations show, they are not independent of between-country variation and thus carry country-specific heterogeneity. Monte Carlo experiments consistently reveal the standard approaches to within estimation to provide biased estimates of cross-level interactions in the presence of an unobserved correlated moderator at the country level. To obtain an unbiased within-country estimator of a cross-level interaction, effect heterogeneity must be systematically controlled. By replicating a published analysis, we demonstrate the relevance of this extended country fixed-effects estimator in research practice. The intent of this article is to provide advice for multilevel practitioners, who will be increasingly confronted with the availability of pooled cross-sectional survey data.

中文翻译:

在具有合并横截面的多级模型中获得跨级交互的内部估计量:为什么国家假人(有时)不做这项工作

将人嵌套在国家中的多层次模型在跨国研究中越来越流行。最近,社会科学家开始分析具有三级结构的数据:级别 1 的人,级别 2 嵌套在特定年份的国家样本中,嵌套级别 3 的国家。 通过使用国家固定效应估计量,或作为随机效应框架中的替代等效规范,这种结构越来越多地用于估计国内效应,以控制未观察到的异质性。对于国家级特征的主要影响,此类估计量已被证明具有理想的统计特性。然而,这些模型中跨级交互的估计量并没有表现出这些吸引人的特性:正如代数变换所示,它们并非独立于国家间的差异,因此具有国家特定的异质性。蒙特卡罗实验一致地揭示了内部估计的标准方法,以在国家级存在未观察到的相关调节器的情况下提供跨级交互的有偏估计。为了获得跨级别交互的无偏国内估计量,必须系统地控制效应异质性。通过复制已发表的分析,我们证明了这个扩展的国家固定效应估计量在研究实践中的相关性。本文旨在为多层次从业者提供建议,他们将越来越多地面临汇总横断面调查数据的可用性。蒙特卡罗实验一致地揭示了内部估计的标准方法,以在国家级存在未观察到的相关调节器的情况下提供跨级交互的有偏估计。为了获得跨级别交互的无偏国内估计量,必须系统地控制效应异质性。通过复制已发表的分析,我们证明了这个扩展的国家固定效应估计量在研究实践中的相关性。本文旨在为多层次从业者提供建议,他们将越来越多地面临汇集横断面调查数据的可用性。蒙特卡罗实验一致地揭示了内部估计的标准方法,以在国家级存在未观察到的相关调节器的情况下提供跨级交互的有偏估计。为了获得跨级别交互的无偏国内估计量,必须系统地控制效应异质性。通过复制已发表的分析,我们证明了这个扩展的国家固定效应估计量在研究实践中的相关性。本文旨在为多层次从业者提供建议,他们将越来越多地面临汇集横断面调查数据的可用性。为了获得跨级别交互的无偏国内估计量,必须系统地控制效应异质性。通过复制已发表的分析,我们证明了这个扩展的国家固定效应估计量在研究实践中的相关性。本文旨在为多层次从业者提供建议,他们将越来越多地面临汇集横断面调查数据的可用性。为了获得跨级别交互的无偏国内估计量,必须系统地控制效应异质性。通过复制已发表的分析,我们证明了这个扩展的国家固定效应估计量在研究实践中的相关性。本文旨在为多层次从业者提供建议,他们将越来越多地面临汇集横断面调查数据的可用性。
更新日期:2018-11-15
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