Our aim is to explain negative networks in Dutch high schools, using three-wave stochastic actor oriented models (SAOMs). We differentiate between avoidance, antipathy, and aggression based on how costly and visible these behaviours are. Our results show that pupils’ ethnicity does not explain negative ties. Moreover, we do not find that negative ties form archetypical social hierarchies, formed by networks that are asymmetrical and transitive. Instead, we find positive effects of reciprocity on avoidance, antipathy, and aggression, and we find no effects of transitivity. Rather than allowing themselves to be dominated by their classmates, pupils fight back and reciprocate negative behaviour. We further show that some pupils behave negatively to a lot of their classmates, and that some pupils are treated negatively by many classmates. These results require us to reconsider what status hierarchies look like. Finally, we explore the extent to which the avoidance, antipathy, and aggression networks co-evolve.

我们的目的是使用三波随机行动者导向模型（SAOM）来解释荷兰高中的负面网络。我们基于这些行为的代价和可见度来区分回避，反感和侵略。我们的结果表明，学生的种族并不能解释消极的联系。此外，我们没有发现消极联系形成了由不对称和可传递的网络形成的原型社会等级体系。相反，我们发现互惠对规避，反感和侵略有积极影响，而对可及性没有影响。学生不但不能让自己的同学成为自己的同学，还可以进行反击并回报负面行为。我们进一步表明，一些学生对很多同学的表现都是负面的，并且有些同学受到许多同学的负面对待。这些结果要求我们重新考虑状态层次结构是什么样的。最后，我们探讨了回避，反感和侵略网络共同发展的程度。