Sudden, disruptive social change resulting from economic crises may affect occupational structure and mobility. However, studies on social mobility have concentrated on secular trends of social change while recent studies on the impact of the Great Recession and the Eurozone debt crisis have focused on unemployment and wages. Therefore, it is unclear what effect these economic crises had on occupational mobility. In this study, I sketch out a theory of occupational mobility during economic crises reviewing arguments for downgrading (threat of the ‘reserve army’), polarization (labour market segmentation) and upgrading (‘creative destruction’) from the literature. Then, I discuss how institutions in different types of market economies in Europe moderate these effects. Afterwards, I compare patterns of occupational mobility as movements between different skill levels in Europe before and during the Great Recession and the Eurozone crisis using longitudinal data from the EU-SILC for 27 European countries. First, I examine mobility rates; second, I fit a series of log-linear topological models to test whether upgrading, downgrading or polarization prevailed during the crisis. To account for differences in unemployment and re-employment risks, I include unemployment in the analysis. The results show that downward mobility in particular soared during the crisis, especially in the mixed market economies.

经济危机导致的突然性破坏性社会变革可能会影响职业结构和流动性。但是，关于社会流动性的研究集中于社会变革的长期趋势，而有关大萧条和欧元区债务危机影响的最新研究则集中于失业和工资问题。因此，尚不清楚这些经济危机对职业流动有何影响。在这项研究中，我草拟了经济危机期间的职业流动性理论，回顾了文献中有关降级（“后备军”的威胁），两极分化（劳动力市场分割）和升级（“创意破坏”）的论点。然后，我讨论了欧洲不同类型市场经济中的机构如何缓和这些影响。之后，我使用来自EU-SILC的27个欧洲国家的纵向数据，比较了大萧条和欧元区危机之前和期间欧洲不同技能水平之间职业迁移的模式。首先，我研究流动率；其次，我拟合了一系列对数线性拓扑模型，以测试在危机期间是否盛行升级，降级或两极分化。为了解决失业和再就业风险的差异，我在分析中包括了失业。结果表明，在危机期间，尤其是在混合市场经济体中，向下流动性尤其飙升。我拟合了一系列对数线性拓扑模型，以测试在危机期间是否盛行升级，降级或两极分化。为了解决失业和再就业风险的差异，我在分析中包括了失业。结果表明，在危机期间，尤其是在混合市场经济体中，向下流动性尤其飙升。我拟合了一系列对数线性拓扑模型，以测试在危机期间是否盛行升级，降级或两极分化。为了解决失业和再就业风险的差异，我在分析中包括了失业。结果表明，在危机期间，尤其是在混合市场经济体中，向下流动性尤其飙升。