Research over the past decade suggests that racial segregation appears to have the largest implications for students’ achievement when linked to racial differences in exposure to school poverty. This paper provides a summary and update to prior literature describing patterns and trends of racial differences in school poverty rates from the 1998–1999 through 2015–2016 school years. We describe black-white and Hispanic-white differences in school poverty rates within U.S. school districts, metropolitan areas, states, and the nation over this nearly 20-year period. We find that while exposure to poverty in schools has risen dramatically, racial differences in exposure to school poverty have been relatively stable during this time. These average trends, however, belie meaningful variability among places. Places serving large proportions of minority students have larger but declining average racial differences in exposure to school poverty. Large school districts also have larger average racial differences in exposure and have been experiencing increases in this measure over time.

中文翻译：

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美国的种族隔离和学校贫困状况，1999-2016年

过去十年的研究表明，种族隔离与学生在学校贫困中的种族差异相关时，似乎对学生的成就影响最大。本文对描述1998-1999年至2015-2016学年期间学校贫困率的种族差异的模式和趋势的现有文献进行了总结和更新。我们描述了在这近20年的时间里，美国学区，都会区，州和全美的学校贫困率的黑白差异。我们发现，虽然学校的贫困风险急剧上升，但在这段时间内，学校贫困风险的种族差异相对稳定。但是，这些平均趋势掩盖了各地之间有意义的差异。在为少数族裔学生服务的地方，在种族贫困方面的平均种族差异较大，但在下降。大型学区在暴露方面的平均种族差异也更大，并且随着时间的推移，这一指标一直在增加。