Recent events have brought attention to Confederate monuments positioned across the USA and polarized debates about their proper placement; however, prior research examining support for Confederate symbols is largely limited to white Americans. This study examines public support for the South Carolina Confederate flag using four perspectives of racial stratification—black/nonblack, combined race-ethnicity, ethnoracial pentagon, and nonwhite/white. Using data from two nationally representative surveys of noninstitutionalized US adults collected in 2000 and 2015 (n = 7638), we identify associations between theories of racial stratification and Confederate flag stances. Multiple model fit indices indicate that the combined race-ethnicity theory of racial stratification best mapped onto public support followed by the ethnoracial pentagon and black/nonblack perspectives. The nonwhite/white model exhibited the poorest fit. Findings from logistic regressions showed that whites had significantly higher odds of supporting the Confederate flag compared to blacks and Latinos. Additionally, blacks had lower odds of flag support than Latinos, Asian Americans, Native Americans, Pacific Islanders, and multiracial respondents. We argue that an overlooked aspect of Confederate monuments is their signified antiblackness demonstrated in this study by greater support for the flag among all nonblack racial-ethnic groups. Findings imply that prioritizing whites’ views in discussions of Confederate monuments offers an inadequate depiction of public opinion by race-ethnicity. Disaggregating views via the combined race-ethnicity measure highlights racial-ethnic variation in support of the South Carolina Confederate flag.

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种族分层与同盟国国旗：比较四个视角来解释国旗支持

最近发生的事件引起了人们对在美国各地放置的同盟纪念碑的关注，并就如何合理放置争论进行了两极化。但是，先前研究对同盟标志的支持的研究主要限于美国白人。这项研究从种族分层的四个角度（黑人/非黑人，种族混合种族，种族五角形和非白人/白人）研究了南卡罗来纳州南部联盟旗的公众支持。从两人在2000年和2015年（收集非住院的美国成年人全国代表性的调查使用的数据ñ = 7638），我们确定了种族分层理论与同盟旗帜立场之间的联系。多个模型拟合指数表明，种族分层的种族-种族综合理论最能映射到公众支持，然后是种族五角形和黑色/非黑色视角。非白色/白色模型显示出最差的拟合度。逻辑回归的结果表明，与黑人和拉丁裔相比，白人拥有同盟旗帜的几率要高得多。此外，与拉美裔，亚裔美国人，美洲原住民，太平洋岛民和多种族受访者相比，黑人获得旗帜支持的几率更低。我们认为，在本研究中，同盟国纪念碑的一个被忽视的方面是其标志性的反黑性，这是通过在所有非黑人种族团体中更多地支持国旗来证明的。研究结果表明，在讨论同盟国纪念碑时优先考虑白人的观点不能充分反映出种族民族对公众舆论的描述。通过综合种族民族措施对观点进行分类，突显了支持南卡罗来纳州南部邦联旗帜的种族民族差异。