Abstract The benefits of urban greenspace to residents are increasingly recognised as important to planning for sustainable and healthy cities. However, the way that people interact with and benefit from urban greenspace is context dependent and conditioned by a range of social and material factors. This paper applies and expands the ecosystems services based approach to understanding urban environmental quality and the way in which greenspace is appropriated by residents in the context of incomplete urbanisation in three peri-urban target areas in Brazil. We develop and employ the notion of indirect (scientifically detected) and directly experienced ecosystems services, and undertake a science based ecosystem services assessment and a qualitative analysis of interviews, walking narratives and images captured with a smartphone application to understand what functions urban greenspace serves in the daily life of the studied neighbourhoods. Findings demonstrate how elements of urban greenspace and what can be termed ecosystem services serve both material and signifying functions and produce subjective and collective benefits and dis-benefits that hinge on aspects of livability such as quality of urban service delivery, housing status and perceptions of crime and neighbourhood character. We identify factors that enable, hinder and motivate both active material and interpretative interactions with urban greenspace. The findings suggest that the relationship between ecosystem service provision and wellbeing is better understood as reciprocal rather than one way. Although at the neighbourhood scale, fear of crime and poor access to urban services can hinder positive engagements with urban greenspace and experienced benefits form ES, urban squares and fringe vegetation is also being appropriated to address experienced disadvantages. Presently however these local interactions and ecosystem service benefits are overlooked in formal planning and conservation efforts and are increasingly compromised by growing population density and environmental degradation. We make recommendations for a nuanced assessment of the material and interpretative human-nature interactions and associated ecosystem services in an urban context, and discuss the potential for planning initiatives that could be employed to articulate and nurture these important interactions in our target areas.

中文翻译：

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巴西不完全城市化背景下的城市环境质量和福祉：将直接体验的生态系统服务整合到规划中

摘要 城市绿地对居民的好处越来越被认为对规划可持续和健康的城市很重要。然而，人们与城市绿地互动并从中受益的方式取决于环境，并受一系列社会和物质因素的制约。本文应用并扩展了基于生态系统服务的方法，以了解巴西三个城市周边目标地区在城市化不完全背景下的城市环境质量和居民占用绿地的方式。我们开发和采用间接（科学检测）和直接体验的生态系统服务的概念，并进行基于科学的生态系统服务评估和访谈的定性分析，使用智能手机应用程序拍摄的步行叙述和图像，以了解城市绿地在所研究社区的日常生活中发挥的作用。研究结果表明，城市绿地的元素以及可以称为生态系统服务的内容如何发挥物质和象征功能，并产生主观和集体利益和不利，这取决于宜居性方面，如城市服务质量、住房状况和犯罪感知和邻里性格。我们确定了促成、阻碍和激励与城市绿地的活性材料和解释性互动的因素。研究结果表明，生态系统服务提供与福祉之间的关系最好理解为互惠而不是一种方式。虽然在邻里尺度上，对犯罪的恐惧和难以获得城市服务会阻碍对城市绿地的积极参与，从 ES、城市广场和边缘植被中获得的经验也被挪用来解决经验不足的问题。然而，目前这些地方相互作用和生态系统服务效益在正式规划和保护工作中被忽视，并且越来越多地受到人口密度增加和环境退化的影响。我们建议对城市环境中的物质和解释性人与自然相互作用及相关生态系统服务进行细致评估，并讨论可用于在我们的目标区域阐明和培育这些重要相互作用的规划举措的潜力。