The design of public subsidies for long-term care (LTC) programmes to support frail, elderly individuals in Europe is subject to both tight budget constraints and increasing demand preassures for care. However, what helps overcoming the constraints that modify LTC entitlements? We provide a unifying explanation of the conditions that facilitate the modification of public financial entitlements to LTC. We build on the concept of ‘implicit partnerships’, an implicit (or ‘silent’) agreement, encompassing the financial co-participation of both public funders, and families either by both allocating time and/or financial resources to caregiving. Next, we provide suggestive evidence of policy reforms modifying public entitlements in seven European countries which can be classified as either ‘implicit user partnerships’ or ‘implicit caregiver partnerships’. Finally, we show that taxpayers attitudes mirror the specific type of implicit partnership each country has adopted. Hence, we conclude that the modification of long-term care entitlements require the formation of some type of ‘implicit partnership'.

中文翻译：

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建立“隐性伙伴关系”？欧洲的财务长期护理权利

长期护理 (LTC) 计划的公共补贴设计以支持欧洲虚弱的老年人，既受到严格的预算限制，又受到日益增长的护理需求压力。但是，什么有助于克服修改 LTC 权利的限制？我们对有助于修改 LTC 公共财政权利的条件提供了统一的解释。我们建立在“隐性伙伴关系”的概念之上，这是一种隐性（或“无声”）协议，包括公共资助者和家庭的财务共同参与，通过分配时间和/或财务资源来照顾。下一个，我们提供了七个欧洲国家修改公共权利的政策改革的暗示性证据，这些国家可以归类为“隐性用户伙伴关系”或“隐性照顾者伙伴关系”。最后，我们表明纳税人的态度反映了每个国家采用的特定类型的隐性伙伴关系。因此，我们得出结论，长期护理权利的修改需要形成某种类型的“隐性伙伴关系”。