This study examines Adolphe Quêtelet's conception of deviance. It investigates how he identified social marginalities and what actions he recommended governments to undertake. To get a close understanding of his views, this paper examines three cases of “monstrosities,” namely mental alienation, drunkenness, and criminality. My main thesis is that Quêtelet provided scientific authority to a conception of deviance as sickness, immorality, and cost thus encouraging legislators to use statistics for containing social marginalities. The case of alienation shows that Quêtelet viewed insanity as a pathology of civilization to be understood through phrenology. The case of drunkenness demonstrates how Quêtelet conflated the notion of statistical mean with moral decency. The case of criminality illustrates Quêtelet's major concern with the cost of criminals for the state. While advocating for the perfectibility of mankind, Quêtelet urged governments to take actions against what he considered the monstrosities of society.

中文翻译：

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在普通人的边界上：阿道夫·奎特莱（AdolpheQuêtelet）关于精神，道德和犯罪方面的怪物

本研究考察了阿道夫·奎特莱（AdolpheQuêtelet）的偏离观念。它调查了他如何确定社会边缘以及他建议政府采取什么行动。为了更深入地了解他的观点，本文研究了三种“怪异”情况，即精神疏离，醉酒和犯罪。我的主要论点是，奎特莱特（Quêtelet）为疾病，不道德行为和成本等偏差概念提供了科学依据，因此鼓励立法者使用统计数据来遏制社会边缘化。疏离的情况表明，奎特莱特将精神错乱视为文明的一种病理，可以​​通过相貌学来理解。醉酒的案例说明了奎特莱特如何将统计平均数的概念与道德品格相结合。犯罪案件说明了Quêtelet' 最关注的是国家为罪犯付出的代价。奎特莱特在倡导人类的完美生活的同时，敦促各国政府采取行动，反对他认为社会的邪恶。