This article first identifies two gaps in the literature: (1) the need to expand international market entry research beyond contractual modes of “make, buy, and ally;” and (2) the need to address the imbalance in the institution-based view that has paid inadequate attention to informal institutions. To help close the two gaps, we identify reciprocity—the mutually contingent exchange of gratifications that is supported by informal institutions—to be a non-contractual mode of international market entry. We focus on how informal institutions provide some of the conditions, motivations, and precipitating circumstances behind the use of reciprocity.

中文翻译：

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互惠和非正式机构进入国际市场

本文首先确定了文献中的两个空白：（1）需要扩大国际市场进入研究范围，超越“制造，购买和盟友”的合同模式；（2）有必要解决基于机构的观点的不平衡问题，这种观点对非正式机构的关注不足。为了帮助弥合这两个鸿沟，我们将互惠性（非正式机构支持的相互满足的满足感交换）确定为国际市场进入的非合同方式。我们关注非正式机构如何提供使用互惠背后的某些条件，动机和加剧的环境。