For a long time most international business researchers assumed homogeneity within national borders. More and more, international strategy is being considered at the subnational level. We review the current state of the literature that adopts this more fine-grained, subnational geographic level of analysis as well as studies combining multiple levels of geographic analysis. We consider the notion of the subnational region and provide an overview of regional grouping schemes applied in research. Our integrative framework shows how in the subnational context (1) firm, industry and environmental characteristics, (2) influence strategy, location choice and entry mode, and (3) the eventual consequences of firm decision-making. We synthesize prior work, address unresolved issues, and provide recommendations for future research advancing research on different geographic levels of analysis.

长期以来，大多数国际业务研究人员都假定国界内的同质性。越来越多的国家以下国家正在考虑国际战略。我们回顾了采用这种更细粒度的，次国家级地理分析以及结合多个地理分析水平的研究的文献现状。我们考虑次国家区域的概念并概述了研究中应用的区域分组方案。我们的综合框架显示了在次国家级背景下（1）公司，行业和环境特征，（2）影响策略，位置选择和进入模式以及（3）公司决策最终结果的方式。我们综合了以前的工作，解决了尚未解决的问题，并为今后的研究提供了建议，以推进对不同地理分析级别的研究。