Objectives

Test whether cooperation with the police can be modelled as a place-based norm that varies in strength from one neighborhood to the next. Estimate whether perceived police legitimacy predicts an individual’s willingness to cooperate in weak-norm neighborhoods, but not in strong-norm neighborhoods where most people are either willing or unwilling to cooperate, irrespective of their perceptions of police legitimacy.

Methods

A survey of 1057 individuals in 98 relatively high-crime English neighborhoods defined at a small spatial scale measured (a) willingness to cooperate using a hypothetical crime vignette and (b) legitimacy using indicators of normative alignment between police and citizen values. A mixed-effects, location-scale model estimated the cluster-level mean and cluster-level variance of willingness to cooperate as a neighborhood-level latent variable. A cross-level interaction tested whether legitimacy predicts individual-level willingness to cooperate only in neighborhoods where the norm is weak.

Results

Willingness to cooperate clustered strongly by neighborhood. There were neighborhoods with (1) high mean and low variance, (2) high mean and high variance, (3) (relatively) low mean and low variance, and (4) (relatively) low mean and high variance. Legitimacy was only a positive predictor of cooperation in neighborhoods that had a (relatively) low mean and high variance. There was little variance left to explain in neighborhoods where the norm was strong.

Conclusions

Findings support a boundary condition of procedural justice theory: namely, that cooperation can be modelled as a place-based norm that varies in strength from neighborhood to neighborhood and that legitimacy only predicts an individual’s willingness to cooperate in neighborhoods where the norm is relatively weak.

中文翻译：

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警察合法性与合作规范：使用混合效应位置量表模型以小空间规模估算社会规范的强度

目标

测试是否可以将与警察的合作建模为基于地点的规范，该规范的强度在一个社区与另一个社区之间有所不同。估计感知到的警察合法性是否可以预测一个人在弱规范社区中合作的意愿，而不是在大多数人愿意或不愿意合作的强规范社区中进行合作的能力，而不管他们对警察合法性的看法如何。

方法

在98个相对较高犯罪率的英语社区中，对1057个人的调查在较小的空间范围内进行了测量：（a）使用假设的犯罪小品进行合作的意愿，以及（b）使用警察和公民价值观之间的规范一致性指标来证明其合法性。混合效应的位置尺度模型将集群意愿的集群水平均值和集群水平方差估计为邻域水平的潜在变量。跨层次的互动测试了合法性是否可以预测个体层次上仅在规范薄弱的社区进行合作的意愿。

结果

合作的意愿在邻里之间紧密地聚集在一起。存在具有（1）高均值和低方差，（2）高均值和高方差，（3）（相对）低均值和低方差以及（4）（相对）低均值和高方差的邻域。合法性只是（相对）低均值和高方差的社区合作的积极预测。在规范很强的社区，几乎没有什么可以解释的。

结论

研究结果支持程序正义理论的边界条件：即，合作可以被建模为基于地点的规范，其强度在邻里之间有所不同，并且合法性仅预测个人在该规范相对薄弱的邻域中进行合作的意愿。