Objectives

Bystander sexual assault prevention programs encourage individuals to intervene when witnessing incidents or warning signs of violence. According to a popular skill acquisition model, witnesses to sexual assault must demonstrate the following to intervene: (1) notice the event, (2) identify the situation as warranting intervention, (3) take responsibility for acting, and (4) know strategies for helping.

Methods

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined effects of bystander programs on the aforementioned skills and actual intervention behavior among adolescents and college students.

Results

Robust variance estimation meta-analysis using a sample of 19 studies (N = 7920) revealed significant effects on identifying situations as warranting intervention and non-significant effects on noticing events, taking responsibility for acting, and knowing strategies for helping. Programs had a significant favorable effect on intervention behavior.

Conclusions

Findings cast uncertainty around the proposed relationship between skills and intervention behavior. Future research should explore this relationship through causal modeling.

中文翻译：

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旁观者性侵犯预防计划对提高干预技能和打击旁观者效应的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析

目标

旁观者性侵犯预防计划鼓励个人在目睹事件或暴力警告迹象时进行干预。根据流行的技能习得模型，性侵犯的目击者必须证明以下内容才能进行干预：(1) 注意到事件，(2) 确定需要干预的情况，(3) 对行为负责，以及 (4) 知道策略为了帮助。

方法

这项系统回顾和荟萃分析检查了旁观者计划对青少年和大学生上述技能和实际干预行为的影响。

结果

使用 19 项研究样本 ( N  = 7920)进行的稳健方差估计荟萃分析揭示了对确定需要干预的情况有显着影响，而对注意事件、承担行动责任和了解帮助策略的影响不显着。项目对干预行为有显着的有利影响。

结论

调查结果对技能和干预行为之间的拟议关系产生了不确定性。未来的研究应该通过因果模型来探索这种关系。