In recent years, jihadists across the world have transformed their gendered violence, shocking the world by breaking from prior taboos and even celebrating abuses that they had previously prohibited. This behavior is surprising because jihadists represent a class of insurgents that are deeply bound by rules and norms. For jihadists, deviating from established Islamist doctrines is no easy feat. What then explains these sudden transformations in the rules and norms governing jihadist violence? An inductive investigation of contemporary jihadist violence in Pakistan and Nigeria reveals a new theory of jihadist normative evolution. Data from these cases show that dramatic changes in jihadist violence occur when an external trigger creates an expanded political space for jihadist entrepreneurs to do away with normative constraints on socially prohibited types of violence. As these jihadist leaders capitalize on the triggers, they are able to encourage a re-socialization process within their ranks, resulting in the erosion of previously held taboos, the adoption of proscribed behaviors, and the emergence of toxic new norms.

中文翻译：

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“我们俘虏了你的女人”：解释圣战规范的变化

近年来，世界各地的圣战分子改变了他们的性别暴力，打破了先前的禁忌，甚至庆祝他们以前禁止的虐待行为，震惊了世界。这种行为令人惊讶，因为圣战分子代表了一类深受规则和规范束缚的叛乱分子。对于圣战分子来说，背离既定的伊斯兰主义教义绝非易事。那么如何解释有关圣战暴力的规则和规范的这些突然转变呢？对巴基斯坦和尼日利亚当代圣战暴力的归纳调查揭示了圣战规范演变的新理论。这些案例的数据表明，当外部触发因素为圣战企业家创造扩大的政治空间以消除对社会禁止的暴力类型的规范限制时，圣战暴力就会发生巨大变化。随着这些圣战领导人利用触发因素，他们能够鼓励其队伍内的重新社会化进程，从而破坏先前持有的禁忌，采用被禁止的行为，并出现有毒的新规范。