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Wars within Wars: Why Windows of Opportunity and Vulnerability Cause Inter-rebel Fighting in Internal Conflicts
International Security ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-08-01 , DOI: 10.1162/isec_a_00322
Costantino Pischedda 1
Affiliation  

Why do rebel groups often fight each other when confronting a common, and typically stronger, enemy—namely, the government? Inter-rebel aggression is a calculated response by rebel groups to opportunities for expansion and to the threats confronting such groups. In particular, inter-rebel wars occur under the following conditions: (1) when a window of opportunity emerges allowing rebel groups to defeat coethnic rivals at low costs and thus achieve rebel hegemony, or (2) when rebel groups are confronted with a window of vulnerability, in which they experience a radical deterioration of power relative to that of coethnic rivals and then attempt to escape in a desperate military gamble. Both strict military considerations and ethnic identities shape the rebel groups' calculus. Coethnicity influences the threat perception of rebel groups and their ability to grow at the expense of rivals, thus providing both defensive and offensive motives for inter-rebel aggression. Because coethnic rebel groups want to mobilize and control the same ethnic communities, they are highly sensitive to immediate, intense conflicts of interest and see other coethnic rebel groups as serious threats. Moreover, coethnic rebel groups can generally expect to absorb the resources of defeated rivals, which in turn may improve their chances in the fight against the government. In-depth case studies of multiparty insurgencies in Ethiopia's Eritrea and Tigray provinces, based on interviews with former rebel leaders, strongly support the window of opportunity and vulnerability theory of inter-rebel war.

中文翻译:

战争中的战争:为什么机会之窗和脆弱之窗会导致内部冲突中的反叛分子之间的战斗

为什么反叛团体在面对共同的、通常更强大的敌人(即政府)时经常互相争斗?反叛者之间的侵略是反叛团体对扩张机会和这些团体面临的威胁的有计划的反应。具体而言,叛军间战争发生在以下条件下:(1)当机会之窗出现时,叛军可以以低成本击败同族竞争对手,从而实现叛军霸权,或(2)当叛军面临机会之窗时脆弱性,在这种情况下,他们经历了相对于同族竞争对手的权力急剧下降,然后试图在一场绝望的军事赌博中逃脱。严格的军事考虑和种族认同塑造了叛乱团体的算计。Coethnicity 影响反叛团体的威胁感知以及他们以牺牲竞争对手为代价发展的能力,从而为反叛组织间的侵略提供防御和进攻动机。由于同族造反团体想要动员和控制同族社区,他们对眼前的、激烈的利益冲突高度敏感,并将其他同族造反团体视为严重威胁。此外,同族反叛团体通常可以期望吸收被击败对手的资源,这反过来可能会增加他们对抗政府的机会。基于对前叛军领导人的采访,对埃塞俄比亚厄立特里亚和提格雷省多党叛乱的深入案例研究强烈支持叛军间战争的机会之窗和脆弱性理论。从而为反叛分子间的侵略提供防御和进攻的动机。由于同族造反团体想要动员和控制同族社区,他们对眼前的、激烈的利益冲突高度敏感,并将其他同族造反团体视为严重威胁。此外,同族反叛团体通常可以期望吸收被击败对手的资源,这反过来可能会增加他们对抗政府的机会。基于对前叛军领导人的采访,对埃塞俄比亚厄立特里亚和提格雷省多党叛乱的深入案例研究强烈支持叛军间战争的机会之窗和脆弱性理论。从而为反叛分子间的侵略提供防御和进攻的动机。由于同族造反团体想要动员和控制同族社区,他们对眼前的、激烈的利益冲突高度敏感,并将其他同族造反团体视为严重威胁。此外,同族反叛团体通常可以期望吸收被击败对手的资源,这反过来可能会增加他们对抗政府的机会。基于对前叛军领导人的采访,对埃塞俄比亚厄立特里亚和提格雷省多党叛乱的深入案例研究强烈支持叛军间战争的机会之窗和脆弱性理论。由于同族造反团体想要动员和控制同族社区,他们对眼前的、激烈的利益冲突高度敏感,并将其他同族造反团体视为严重威胁。此外,同族反叛团体通常可以期望吸收被击败对手的资源,这反过来可能会增加他们对抗政府的机会。基于对前叛军领导人的采访,对埃塞俄比亚厄立特里亚和提格雷省多党叛乱的深入案例研究强烈支持叛军间战争的机会之窗和脆弱性理论。由于同族造反团体想要动员和控制同族社区,他们对眼前的、激烈的利益冲突高度敏感,并将其他同族造反团体视为严重威胁。此外,同族反叛团体通常可以期望吸收被击败对手的资源,这反过来可能会增加他们对抗政府的机会。基于对前叛军领导人的采访,对埃塞俄比亚厄立特里亚和提格雷省多党叛乱的深入案例研究强烈支持叛军间战争的机会之窗和脆弱性理论。这反过来可能会增加他们对抗政府的机会。基于对前叛军领导人的采访,对埃塞俄比亚厄立特里亚和提格雷省多党叛乱的深入案例研究强烈支持叛军间战争的机会之窗和脆弱性理论。这反过来可能会增加他们对抗政府的机会。基于对前叛乱领导人的采访,对埃塞俄比亚厄立特里亚和提格雷省的多党叛乱进行了深入的案例研究,强烈支持叛乱间战争的机会之窗和脆弱性理论。
更新日期:2018-08-01
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