Conserving nature and managing protected areas are fraught with risks, especially when done against the preferences of local communities. The relative dependency of local communities on ecosystem services, perceptions of the economic potential of a protected area by the local population, and the belief that the locals will share in the potential benefits of the protected area determine whether the protected area will be opposed, tolerated or supported. Working from a sample of 686 interviews in Hoang Lien National Park in Vietnam the effective use of the park, the perception of the park and its management as well as the valuation of potential benefits are described. As various ethnicities are living in the core zone the analyses allow the consideration of various degrees of dependency on and perceptions of ecosystem services of the locals. The results show that the weak link in the intended development chain “protection – value of a protected area – better life for local population” is that an important part of the interviewees do not perceive that the local communities benefit from the national park. This implies that not only distribution of compensation payments but especially communications of the benefits (cash or local public goods) are core elements for sustainable conservation of natural resources.

中文翻译：

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在生存与发展之间的保护区

保护自然和管理保护区充满风险，尤其是在违背当地社区偏好的情况下。当地社区对生态系统服务的相对依赖性，当地居民对保护区的经济潜力的认识以及当地人将分享保护区的潜在利益的信念决定了保护区是否会受到反对，容忍或受支持。从越南的黄连国家公园的686个访谈样本中，描述了公园的有效利用，对公园的看法及其管理以及对潜在利益的评估。由于不同种族生活在核心区域，因此分析可以考虑对当地人对生态系统服务的不同程度的依赖和看法。结果表明，预期的发展链中的薄弱环节“保护–保护区的价值–改善当地居民的生活”是，大部分受访者没有意识到当地社区会从国家公园中受益。这意味着不仅分配补偿金，而且特别是利益的传播（现金或当地公共物品）都是可持续保护自然资源的核心要素。