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Compelling collective action: Does a shared pollution cap incentivize farmer cooperation to restore water quality?
International Journal of the Commons ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-04-17 , DOI: 10.18352/ijc.879
Landon Yoder

Decades of voluntary efforts to reduce agricultural nonpoint source pollution have been ineffective at protecting water quality worldwide. While farmer collective action is needed to deal with the geographical extent of diffuse pollution from nutrient runoff, theoretical expectations from commons governance research predicts that farmers will not protect water quality since they have few incentives to do so. These different factors indicate that compulsory approaches are needed. However, the commons literature has tended to overlook the constructive roles that government regulation can play. Research on why farmers adopt on-farm conservation measures similarly has failed to explore farmer cooperation, instead focusing mainly on financial motivations of farmers. Yet, some adoption research indicates that social norms are essential factors shaping (non)adoption, but which are largely overlooked by existing agri-environmental policies. This study examines the important gap of how government regulations can incentive farmer cooperation to improve water quality. I focus on case study of the Florida Everglades, where farmers face joint liability under a phosphorus pollution cap and which has resulted in improvements in water quality over the past 20 years. Farms’ drainage disrupts the oligotrophic conditions of the Florida Everglades, but water quality has steadily improved since regulations began in 1994. However, the regulations set compliance jointly for farmers, devolving responsibility to ensure sufficient adoption of conservation practices and deal with free riding. While state monitoring shows that collectively farms have improved water quality, we do not know whether participation is widespread or concentrated among a few large farms. This study provides the first analysis of farm-level water quality outcomes for this area and how judicial, legislative, and local institutions interact to encourage farmer cooperation. Results show that a majority of farms have improved their water quality, demonstrating that collective action has been a key element in the outcome. At the same time, poor-performing farms reveals shortcomings of joint compliance. I end by discussing the implications of how individual and collective requirements can provide farmers with valuable information while also drawing on farmer social dynamics to encourage greater participation.

中文翻译:

令人信服的集体行动:共同的污染上限是否能激励农民合作以恢复水质?

减少农业面源污染的数十年自愿努力在保护全球水质方面一直无效。尽管需要农民采取集体行动来应对养分径流造成的弥漫性污染的地理范围,但从公地治理研究中获得的理论期望预测农民将不会保护水质,因为他们缺乏这样做的动力。这些不同的因素表明必须采取强制措施。但是,公地文献倾向于忽略政府规制可以发挥的建设性作用。关于农民为何采取类似的农场保护措施的研究未能探索农民的合作,而是主要关注农民的经济动机。然而,一些收养研究表明,社会规范是塑造(非)采用的必要因素,但现有的农业环境政策在很大程度上忽略了这些规范。这项研究探讨了政府法规如何激励农民合作以改善水质的重要差距。我专注于佛罗里达大沼泽地的案例研究,该地区的农民在磷污染上限下面临连带责任,并且在过去20年中改善了水质。农场的排水系统扰乱了佛罗里达大沼泽地的贫营养条件,但是自1994年制定法规以来,水质一直在稳步改善。然而,法规共同为农民设定了合规性,从而转移了责任,以确保充分采用保护措施并处理自由骑行。虽然国家监测显示集体农场改善了水质,但我们不知道参与范围是广泛的还是集中在少数大型农场中。这项研究首次分析了该地区农场一级的水质成果,以及司法,立法和地方机构如何互动以鼓励农民合作。结果表明,大多数农场的水质得到了改善,表明集体行动已成为结果的关键因素。同时,表现不佳的农场也暴露了联合履约的缺陷。最后,我将讨论个体和集体需求如何为农民提供有价值的信息,同时也借鉴农民的社会动力以鼓励更大的参与度的意义。我们不知道参与是广泛的还是集中在一些大型农场中。这项研究首次分析了该地区农场一级的水质成果,以及司法,立法和地方机构如何互动以鼓励农民合作。结果表明,大多数农场的水质得到了改善,表明集体行动已成为结果的关键因素。同时,表现不佳的农场也暴露了联合履约的缺陷。最后,我将讨论个体和集体需求如何为农民提供有价值的信息,同时也借鉴农民的社会动力以鼓励更大的参与度的意义。我们不知道参与是广泛的还是集中在一些大型农场中。这项研究首次分析了该地区农场一级的水质成果,以及司法,立法和地方机构如何互动以鼓励农民合作。结果表明,大多数农场的水质得到了改善,表明集体行动已成为结果的关键因素。同时,表现不佳的农场也暴露了联合履约的缺陷。最后,我将讨论个体和集体需求如何为农民提供有价值的信息,同时也借鉴农民的社会动力以鼓励更大的参与度的意义。这项研究首次分析了该地区农场一级的水质成果,以及司法,立法和地方机构如何互动以鼓励农民合作。结果表明,大多数农场的水质得到改善,表明集体行动已成为结果的关键因素。同时,表现不佳的农场也暴露了联合履约的缺陷。最后,我将讨论个体和集体需求如何为农民提供有价值的信息,同时也借鉴农民的社会动力以鼓励更大的参与度的意义。这项研究首次分析了该地区农场一级的水质成果,以及司法,立法和地方机构如何互动以鼓励农民合作。结果表明,大多数农场的水质得到了改善,表明集体行动已成为结果的关键因素。同时,表现不佳的农场也暴露了联合履约的缺陷。最后,我将讨论个体和集体需求如何为农民提供有价值的信息,同时也借鉴农民的社会动力以鼓励更大的参与度的意义。证明集体行动已成为结果的关键要素。同时,表现不佳的农场也暴露了联合履约的缺陷。最后,我将讨论个体和集体需求如何为农民提供有价值的信息,同时也借鉴农民的社会动力以鼓励更大的参与度的意义。证明集体行动已成为结果的关键要素。同时,表现不佳的农场也暴露了联合履约的缺陷。最后,我将讨论个体和集体需求如何为农民提供有价值的信息,同时也借鉴农民的社会动力以鼓励更大的参与度的意义。
更新日期:2019-04-17
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