Territorial use rights in fisheries (TURF) are considered to aid to the sustainability of small-scale fisheries, because they remove the perverse incentives, which sustain the tragedy of the commons. Nevertheless, a comprehensive evaluation of the implementation of TURFs is lacking. Chile offers a unique opportunity, because an extensive system for benthic fisheries has been implemented, with at present hundreds of TURFs along the coast. This study analyzes the sustainability of all the TURFs (109) along a stretch of 800 Km of coast, using population, productive, economic, social and institutional indicators. The information was obtained from the technical reports and monitoring each TURF has to prepare for the authority each year, databases the authority has and interviews with artisanal fishermen. Three states of TURFs were identified: unsustainable, poorly sustainable and sustainable. The resources exploited in the analyzed TURFs are the chilean abalon or “loco” (Concholepas concholepas), the key hole limpets “lapa negra” (Fissurella latimarginata), and “lapa rosada” (Fissurella cumingi), the kelps “huiro negro” (Lessonia berteroana), and “huiro palo” (Lessonia trabeculata), the surf clam “Macha” (Mesodesma donacium), the scallop “ostion del norte” (Argopecten purpuratus) and the seaurchin “erizo rojo” (Loxechinus albus). Results show general low performance for population, production and economic indicators, but good performance for social and institutional indicators. Overall the system shows a poor sustainability, which principally means unstable populations, landings and income in most of the TURFs. This result, which differs from most published analyses of the system, is explained mainly by the impossibility to reach a stable fishery through management of so small areas, given the natural variability of the species and the general environment. The good performance of some TURFs cannot be explained by a single factor, which is consistent with the complexity of the system, which makes it little amenable for proper management.

中文翻译：

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智利TURF系统管理的底栖渔业的可持续性分析

渔业领域的使用权被认为有助于小型渔业的可持续发展，因为它们消除了维持公地悲剧的有害动机。然而，缺乏对TURFs实施的全面评估。智利提供了独特的机会，因为已经实施了广泛的底栖渔业系统，目前沿海有数百个TURF。这项研究使用人口，生产，经济，社会和体制指标，分析了沿海岸800公里的所有TURF（109）的可持续性。这些信息是从技术报告中获得的，并监督每个TURF每年为当局准备的情况，该机构拥有的数据库以及与手工渔民的访谈。确定了TURF的三种状态：不可持续，可持续性差和可持续性。分析的TURF中利用的资源是智利的abalon或“ loco”（Concholepas concholepas），关键孔的帽贝“ lapa negra”（Fissurella latimarginata）和“ lapa rosada”（Fissurella cumingi），海带“ huiro negro” Lessonia berteroana）和“ huiro palo”（Lessonia trabeculata），海蛤“ Macha”（Mesodesma donacium），扇贝“ ostion del norte”（Argopecten purpuratus）和海胆“ erizo rojo”（Loxechinus albus）。结果表明，人口，生产和经济指标总体表现不佳，而社会和制度指标则表现良好。总体而言，该系统显示出较差的可持续性，这主要意味着大多数TURF中的人口，着陆和收入不稳定。此结果与大多数已发布的系统分析有所不同，鉴于该物种的自然变异性和总体环境，主要是因为不可能通过管理如此小的区域来实现稳定的渔业。某些TURF的良好性能无法用单个因素来解释，这与系统的复杂性是一致的，这使得它很难进行适当的管理。