Karl Rawer passed away on 17 April 2018, two days before his 105th birthday. Karl Maria Alois Rawer was born on 19 April 1913 in Neunkirchen (Saarland), Germany. He studied physics in Freiburg and Munich and was fortunate to have well-known teachers such as Gustav Mie, Gustav Dötsch, Arnold Sommerfeld and Jonathan Zenneck. Jonathan Zenneck, who had already started ionospheric echo sounding experiments in Germany in 1930, had asked Karl Rawer to develop the theory for the reflection of vertical incident radio waves in the ionosphere for his doctoral dissertation. Being allowed access to the jewel of the mathematics institute, an electrically driven mechanical calculator, he was able to solve the problem of radio wave propagation in a stratified medium in a little more than a year’s time, using hyperbolic and Epstein functions; he published his results in Annalen der Physik (Rawer, 1939). From then on he was hooked in one way or other to ionospheric research and the computer as an analysis tool. His quest to fully understand and describe the physical processes that form the ionosphere and control its behaviour always included experimental verifications of any theoretical model. During WWII, he was charged with the development of ionospheric radio wave propagation predictions, working with Johannes Plendl and Walter Dieminger. At the end of the war in 1945, Rawer’s group accepted the invitation of Yves Rocard in Paris to establish an ionospheric prediction service in Germany’s French Zone. In spite of the difficult postwar conditions, an ionospheric vertical incidence sounding station came to life in 1946 at Schloss Neuershausen near Freiburg under the auspices of the French Service Prévision Ionosphérique de la Marine (SPIM). This was the beginning of a long cooperation between French and German ionospheric prediction studies. Rawer then managed to establish the Ionosphäreninstitut in Breisach (close to Karl Rawer’s Figure 1. Karl Rawer in 2008.

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itu告：卡尔·罗威尔（1913-2018）

卡尔·罗维尔（Karl Rawer）于2018年4月17日逝世，即他诞辰105周年的前两天。Karl Maria Alois Rawer于1913年4月19日出生在德国Neunkirchen（萨尔州）。他曾在弗赖堡和慕尼黑学习物理学，并很幸运地拥有Gustav Mie，GustavDötsch，Arnold Sommerfeld和Jonathan Zenneck等著名老师。乔纳森·曾内克（Jonathan Zenneck）于1930年在德国开始进行电离层回波探测实验，他的博士论文请卡尔·罗威尔（Karl Rawer）提出电离层垂直入射无线电波反射的理论。被允许接触数学机构的宝石，这是一种电动机械计算器，他能够使用双曲线和爱泼斯坦函数在不到一年的时间内解决了无线电波在分层介质中的传播问题。他在Annalen der Physik（Rawer，1939年）中发表了他的研究结果。从那时起，他开始以某种方式迷恋电离层研究和计算机作为分析工具。他对完全理解和描述形成电离层并控制其行为的物理过程的追求始终包括对任何理论模型的实验验证。第二次世界大战期间，他与Johannes Plendl和Walter Dieminger一起负责电离层无线电波传播预测的开发。1945年战争结束时，拉威尔的小组接受了伊夫·罗卡德（Yves Rocard）在巴黎的邀请，在德国法国地区建立了电离层预报服务。尽管战后形势艰难，一个电离层垂直入射测深站于1946年在法国海军陆战队Ionosphériquede la Marine（SPIM）的主持下在弗赖堡附近的Schloss Neuershausen投入使用。这是法国和德国电离层预测研究长期合作的开始。Rawer随后设法在Breisach建立Ionosphäreninstitut（接近Karl Rawer的图1。KarlRawer于2008年成立）。