Abstract. This work focuses on the progress of space weather monitoring in Pakistan. Pakistan's first geomagnetic observatory was established in Quetta in 1953. However, the beginning of what we would now call space weather services on a formal level took place in 1971, when the national space agency, the Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), established the country's first ionospheric station. Later, in 1983, a geomagnetic observatory was set up in Karachi with the aim of providing high frequency (HF) support and geomagnetic storm alerts to relevant users. With the progression of time, nations began to prioritize space weather monitoring to ensure the safety and security of technological assets. Therefore, it was considered imperative to upgrade the array of instruments in order to maintain the reliability of operations and the efficient utilization of data to contribute to research at local, regional and global scales. Pakistan has recently established a dedicated space weather monitoring facility known as the Pakistan Space Weather Centre (PSWC). This paper describes the historic evolution of space weather infrastructure in Pakistan and the current contribution of the PSWC.

中文翻译：

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巴基斯坦太空气象中心（PSWC）的演变

摘要。这项工作侧重于巴基斯坦空间天气监测的进展。巴基斯坦第一个地磁观测站于1953年在奎达建立。但是，现在我们正式称呼太空气象服务的起点是1971年，当时是国家太空总署，巴基斯坦空间与高层大气研究委员会（SUPARCO） ，建立了全国第一个电离层站。后来，在1983年，卡拉奇成立了地磁观测站，旨在为相关用户提供高频（HF）支持和地磁风暴警报。随着时间的推移，各国开始优先考虑太空天气监测，以确保技术资产的安全性。因此，为了维持操作的可靠性和数据的有效利用，有必要对一系列仪器进行升级，以促进在地方，区域和全球范围内的研究。巴基斯坦最近建立了专门的太空天气监测设施，称为巴基斯坦太空天气中心（PSWC）。本文介绍了巴基斯坦空间天气基础设施的历史演变以及PSWC的当前贡献。