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The Great Aurora of January 1770 observed in Spain
History of Geo- and Space Sciences ( IF 0.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-12 , DOI: 10.5194/hgss-9-133-2018
Víctor M. S. Carrasco , Enric Aragonès , Jorge Ordaz , José M. Vaquero

Abstract. An analysis is made of the records made by Spanish observers of a notable aurora on 18 January 1770 in order to study the characteristics of this event. The records indicate that the phenomenon was observed in both continental and insular territories of Spain, in particular at San Cristobal de la Laguna, Cadiz, Cordoba, Badajoz, Valencia, Castellon, Madrid, Barcelona, and Gerri de la Sal. The most equatorward observational site was San Cristobal de la Laguna (28.48 ∘ N, 16.32 ∘ W) in the Canary Islands. In general, the descriptions put its duration from sunset to midnight, but the observers from Cordoba and Madrid report the aurora as being visible during the last hours of the night, and it was even observed the following day at Castellon. All the observers described the aurora as red in colour, while white and ash colours were also reported at Cordoba and Gerri de la Sal. The brightness and shape of auroral display changed over time. Calculations of the geomagnetic latitudes of the observation locations gave San Cristobal de la Laguna as the southernmost (26 ∘ N) and Gerri de la Sal the northernmost (35 ∘ N) and indicate this aurora was observed over a wide range of abnormally low latitudes for such a phenomenon. Solar activity around the event was high, with the astronomer Horrebow registering 10 sunspot groups on that date (18 January 1770).

中文翻译:

在西班牙观察到1770年1月的大极光

摘要。为了研究这一事件的特征,分析了西班牙观察员在1770年1月18日记录的一个著名极光的记录。记录表明,在西班牙的大陆和岛屿地区都观察到了这种现象,特别是在拉古纳的圣克里斯托瓦尔城,加的斯,科尔多瓦,巴达霍斯,巴伦西亚,卡斯特利翁,马德里,巴塞罗那和萨尔河畔格里。最赤道的观测点是加那利群岛的圣克里斯托瓦尔·德拉古古拉(28.48∘N,16.32∘W)。通常,描述将其持续时间从日落一直持续到午夜,但来自科尔多瓦和马德里的观察家报告说,极光在夜晚的最后几个小时内可见,甚至在第二天在卡斯特利翁也能看到。所有观察者都将极光描述为红色,科尔多瓦(Cordoba)和格里德拉萨(Gerri de la Sal)也报道了白色和灰白色。极光显示的亮度和形状随时间变化。对观测位置的地磁纬度进行计算后,拉古纳的圣克里斯托瓦尔城为最南端(26∘N),最北端的Gerri de la Sal为地磁(35∘N),这表明该极光是在大范围异常低纬度观测到的。这样的现象。事件发生前后太阳活动活跃,天文学家Horrebow在该日期(1770年1月18日)登记了10个黑子群。对观测位置的地磁纬度进行计算后,拉古纳的圣克里斯托瓦尔城为最南端(26∘N),最北端的Gerri de la Sal为地磁(35∘N),这表明该极光是在大范围异常低纬度观测到的。这样的现象。事件发生前后太阳活动活跃,天文学家Horrebow在该日期(1770年1月18日)登记了10个黑子群。对观测位置的地磁纬度进行计算后,拉古纳的圣克里斯托瓦尔城为最南端(26∘N),最北端的Gerri de la Sal为地磁(35∘N),这表明该极光是在大范围异常低纬度观测到的。这样的现象。事件发生前后太阳活动活跃,天文学家Horrebow在该日期(1770年1月18日)登记了10个黑子群。
更新日期:2018-10-12
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