Pronival ramparts are debris ridges formed at the downslope margins of perennial or semi-permanent snowbeds at the foot of bedrock cliffs. The close spatial proximity and morphological similarities of pronival ramparts to modified talus sheets and cones as well as protalus rock glaciers, moraines and landslides has led to difficulties in correctly identifying ramparts. Nevertheless, these landforms have been documented across the globe and, as a result, terms have been developed in different languages. However, the use and meaning of rampart terminology, particularly across several languages, are not consistent. This paper chronicles the origin of the term ‘pronival rampart’ and assesses its use in English language literature and exposes readers to terms from other languages and how their use may differ. Lastly, this paper highlights that, since the meaning of terms denoting pronival ramparts varies between languages, readers should be cognisant of the meaning of the term in a respective language as this may have implications for how pronival ramparts are identified in the context of talus-derived landforms. The paper also discusses whether ramparts are part of a non-developmental or developmental morphological continuum of talus-derived landforms.

中文翻译：

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Pronival 城墙：术语的起源和发展

前缘壁垒是在基岩悬崖脚下多年生或半永久性雪床的下坡边缘形成的碎屑脊。Pronival 城墙与改良的距骨片和锥体以及 protalus 岩石冰川、冰碛和滑坡的空间接近性和形态相似性导致难以正确识别城墙。尽管如此，这些地貌已在全球范围内被记录在案，因此，已经用不同的语言开发了术语。但是，城墙术语的使用和含义，尤其是在多种语言中，并不一致。本文记录了术语“代词壁垒”的起源，并评估了它在英语语言文学中的使用，并向读者展示了来自其他语言的术语以及它们的用法可能有何不同。最后，本文强调，由于表示先行城墙的术语的含义因语言而异，读者应了解该术语在各自语言中的含义，因为这可能会影响如何在距骨衍生地貌的背景下识别先行城墙。本文还讨论了城墙是否属于距骨衍生地貌的非发育或发育形态连续体的一部分。