Background: Historical change in the availability of kin beyond the household has long interested scholars, but there has been little comparable evidence on long-run change. While generally accepted that individuals lived near kin historically, no systematic measures have been available to assess historical kin propinquity at the national level. Methods: With the release of historical complete count United States census data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS), a robust estimate of patrilineal kin propinquity for the United States nationally from 1790 to 1940 is calculated. Defined as the probability of non-random isonymy within an enumeration district, the estimate of patrilineal kin propinquity relies on the sequential ordering of households in the census. Results: The United States experienced a long-run decline in patrilineal kin propinquity from nearly 50% of households in 1790 to 17% of households in 1940. The age patterns of kin propinquity show substantial variation across the life course, and regional differences demonstrate the impact of economic and demographic conditions. The decline in kin propinquity reflected urbanization and the decline of agriculture, declining kin availability, growing distance between potential kin links, and a change in preferences of living near kin. Contribution: This is the first study to produce a systematic estimate of patrilineal kin propinquity at the national level for the United States between 1790 and 1940. Researchers can use this meaningful measure of patrilineal kin propinquity to better explain its relationships with other demographic behaviors and outcomes such as fertility, mortality, and migration choices.

中文翻译：

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1790年至1940年，美国父系亲属亲缘关系的下降

背景：长期以来，有兴趣的家庭以外的亲戚可获得性的历史变化，但是关于长期变化的可比证据很少。尽管人们普遍承认个人历史上近亲，但尚无系统的方法可用来评估国家一级的历史亲缘性。方法：随着综合公共用途微数据系列（IPUMS）的历史完整计数美国人口普查数据的发布，计算出了1790年至1940年美国全国父系亲属近亲性的可靠估计。父系亲属亲缘性的估计被定义为枚举区内非随机同义的概率，这取决于普查中家庭的顺序排列。结果：美国经历了父系亲属近亲长期下降，从1790年的近50％的家庭下降到1940年的17％家庭。亲属近亲的年龄模式在整个人生过程中显示出很大的差异，而且地区差异表明经济和人口状况。近亲亲缘关系的下降反映了城市化和农业的下降，近亲同胞的减少，潜在近亲之间的距离越来越大以及近亲生活的偏好发生了变化。贡献：这是第一项对美国在1790年至1940年间在国家一级对父系亲属近亲进行系统估计的研究。