The ideas sketched here concern the nonestablishment and free exercise norms expressed in the U.S. Constitution, their application to governmental institutions from legislatures to prisons and the military, the place of religion in the curricula of public schools, and the proper role of religious convictions in lawmaking. A major concern of the essay is the problem of achieving an appropriate balance between governmental neutrality toward religion, as required by the nonestablishment norm, and governmental accommodation of religious practices that would otherwise violate ordinary laws, as required by the free exercise norm. A recurring theme is the complexity of the issues and the variability of possible solutions given differences in the history and culture of democratic societies.

中文翻译：

---

民主与宗教：一些变化与难题

这里勾勒出的想法涉及美国宪法中所规定的不规范和自由行使的规范，它们从立法机关到监狱和军队在政府机构中的应用，宗教在公立学校课程中的地位以及宗教信仰在立法中的适当作用。本文主要关注的问题是，在非建立性规范所要求的政府对宗教的中立性与政府对自由行事规范所要求的违反常规法律的宗教习俗的适应之间取得适当的平衡。一个反复出现的主题是，鉴于民主社会的历史和文化差异，问题的复杂性和可能解决方案的可变性。