Much of the world is seeing conflict between people whose views per­ mit basing political actions and lawmaking on religious convictions and people whose democratic values oppose this. Democratic societ­ ies are in principle open to the free exercise of religion and, in constitution, they are characteristically pluralistic in both culture and religion. Religions are highly variable in their stance toward government, but many of the world’s most popu­ lous religions, including Christianity and Islam, are commonly taken to embody standards of conduct, such as certain prohibitions, that cannot be endorsed by democratic governments committed to preserving liberty for the religious and the nonreligious alike. The present age is seeing much discussion of just how far re­ ligious liberty should extend in democratic societies and just what role religion should play in the conduct of citizens. The most prominent range of problems concerning the tensions between re­ ligion–or certain religions or interpretations thereof–and democracy are insti­ tutional. They concern the relations that do or should obtain between “church” and state: between religious institutions or organized religious groups and govern­ ment or its agencies. Institutional matters, however, are not the only ones impor­ tant for understanding the relation between religion and democracy. Ethics and po­ litical theory also extend to standards appropriate to the conduct of individual cit­ izens. Here the ethics of citizenship, as it is now sometimes called, focuses on how individual citizens should understand the role, in civic affairs, of religious convic­ tions, especially their own convictions about how human life should be lived. This concerns not only deciding what to support by one’s votes and public advocacy, but also how to conduct civic discourse. The essays in this issue of Dædalus–most of them based on contributions to a seminar sponsored by the Australian Catholic University in March of 2019–address both institutional questions concerning re­ ligion and democracy and the ethics of citizenship as bearing on how individuals, religious or not, may best regard their role in the political system in which they live.

中文翻译：

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宗教与民主：互动，张力，可能性

世界上许多人看到在基于宗教信仰的政治行动和立法基础上的看法与民主价值观对立的人们之间发生了冲突。民主社会原则上允许自由行使宗教，并且在宪法上，它们在文化和宗教上都具有典型的多元性。宗教对政府的立场变化很大，但世界上许多人口最多的宗教，包括基督教和伊斯兰教，通常被用来体现行为标准，例如某些禁令，而致力于维护自由的民主政府则无法认可这些禁令。对于宗教和非宗教都一样。当今时代，关于宗教自由在民主社会中应延伸到何种程度以及宗教在公民行为中应起什么作用的讨论越来越多。关于宗教（或某些宗教或其解释）与民主之间的紧张关系的最突出问题是制度性的。他们关注“教会”与国家之间建立或应获得的关系：宗教机构或有组织的宗教团体与政府或其机构之间的关系。然而，制度性问题并不是理解宗教与民主之间关系的唯一重要因素。伦理和政治理论也扩展到适合个人公民行为的标准。这里有时称为公民道德，着重于个人公民应如何理解宗教定罪在公民事务中的作用，尤其是他们自己对应该如何生活的信念。这不仅涉及决定以投票和公众支持的方式，还涉及如何进行公民话语。本期达达鲁斯大学的论文-大部分基于对澳大利亚天主教大学于2019年3月赞助的研讨会的贡献-解决了有关宗教与民主的体制问题以及公民道德与个人，宗教或宗教信仰的关系最好不要考虑他们在他们所生活的政治体系中的作用。这不仅涉及决定以投票和公众支持的方式，还涉及如何进行公民话语。本期达达鲁斯大学的论文-大部分基于对澳大利亚天主教大学于2019年3月赞助的研讨会的贡献-解决了有关宗教与民主的体制问题以及公民道德与个人，宗教或宗教信仰的关系最好不要考虑他们在他们所生活的政治体系中的作用。这不仅涉及决定以投票和公众支持的方式，还涉及如何进行公民话语。本期达达鲁斯大学的论文-大部分基于对澳大利亚天主教大学于2019年3月赞助的研讨会的贡献-解决了有关宗教与民主的体制问题以及公民道德与个人，宗教或宗教信仰的关系最好不要考虑他们在他们所生活的政治体系中的作用。