OBJECTIVE Chronic tobacco consumption, classified as tobacco use disorder (TUD), has been associated with a variety of health problems. Investigations of face processing in TUD are hampered by lack of evidence. Here, we evaluated facial detection in TUD and assessed test-retest reliability for a facial detection task. METHODS Participants were instructed to detect the orientation (either left or right) of a face when it was presented with a face/non-face pair on the monitor screen, using Bayesian entropy estimation. Bland-Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to test the reliability of the task. The general linear model and Bayesian statistics were then used to evaluate differences between TUD (n=48) and healthy controls (n=34). RESULTS The reliability of the task was high for the 96 stimuli presentations. Slower reaction times (p < 0.001) and lower discrimination index (p < 0.001) were observed in the TUD group than for healthy controls. Mediation analysis indicated direct effects of smoking duration on reaction time (p < 0.001) and discrimination index (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Overall, we observed high reliability of this task and reduction of facial detection in tobacco use disorder. We conclude our findings are significant for public health initiatives and call for follow-up studies.

中文翻译：

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烟草使用障碍中面部检测的损害：基线数据和吸烟持续时间的影响

目标 慢性烟草消费，归类为烟草使用障碍 (TUD)，与多种健康问题有关。缺乏证据阻碍了对 TUD 中面部处理的调查。在这里，我们评估了 TUD 中的面部检测，并评估了面部检测任务的重测可靠性。方法 当在监视器屏幕上显示人脸/非人脸对时，参与者被指示使用贝叶斯熵估计检测人脸的方向（左或右）。Bland-Altman 分析和组内相关系数用于测试任务的可靠性。然后使用一般线性模型和贝叶斯统计来评估 TUD (n=48) 和健康对照 (n=34) 之间的差异。结果 对于 96 种刺激呈现，该任务的可靠性很高。在 TUD 组中观察到比健康对照组更慢的反应时间 (p < 0.001) 和更低的辨别指数 (p < 0.001)。中介分析表明吸烟持续时间对反应时间 (p < 0.001) 和辨别指数 (p < 0.001) 有直接影响。结论 总的来说，我们观察到这项任务的高可靠性和烟草使用障碍中面部检测的减少。我们得出结论，我们的发现对公共卫生举措具有重要意义，并呼吁进行后续研究。我们观察到这项任务的高可靠性和烟草使用障碍中面部检测的减少。我们得出结论，我们的发现对公共卫生举措具有重要意义，并呼吁进行后续研究。我们观察到这项任务的高可靠性和烟草使用障碍中面部检测的减少。我们得出结论，我们的发现对公共卫生举措具有重要意义，并呼吁进行后续研究。