Gender inequality within the Melayu clan of a Minangkabau matrilineal community in Dharmasraya District, West Sumatra Province in Indonesia, leads to the clan’s women experiencing injustice when it comes to the management of communal forest land (ulayat). This inequality is most clearly shown in situations in which men sell communal forest land for their own personal interests. Moreover, the distribution of nucleus estate smallholder oil palm plantation (NESHP) plots disadvantages women. Although these plots are supposed to be distributed fairly among community members, the system used is controlled by the male communal ruler, who holds rights over the community as a whole. The practices used to manage ulayat forestland within the Melayu clan prove that women within the matrilineal system used by the Minangkabau group, of which the Melayu clan is a part, are not treated equally in terms of the management of natural resources. This inequality arises due to an imbalance that exists between men and women over the rights they have to manage the ulayat forest. The findings of this study challenge previous studies which have suggested that gender inequality is mainly an issue within patrilineal societies; the finding suggests that it also occurs within matrilineal systems such as within the Melayu clan in Bonjol village.

中文翻译：

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Minangkabau母系社会中的性别不平等和妇女被压迫

印度尼西亚西苏门答腊省达玛斯拉雅地区一个Minangkabau母系社区的Melayu族内的性别不平等，导致该族的妇女在管理公共林地（ulayat）时遇到不公。在人们出于个人利益出售公共林地的情况下，最明显地体现了这种不平等。此外，核园小农油棕种植园（NESHP）的分布使妇女处于劣势。尽管这些地块应该在社区成员之间公平分配，但所使用的系统由男性社区统治者控制，后者拥有整个社区的权利。美拉尤（Melayu）家族管理乌拉亚（yayat）林地的做法证明，米南卡鲍（Minangkabau）小组在母系系统中的妇女，Melayu家族是其中的一部分，在自然资源管理方面没有得到平等对待。这种不平等的产生是由于男人和女人在管理乌拉雅森林的权利方面存在不平衡。这项研究的结果对以前的研究提出了挑战，这些研究表明性别不平等主要是父系社会内部的一个问题。该发现表明，它也发生在母系系统内，例如Bonjol村的Melayu氏族内。这项研究的结果对以前的研究提出了挑战，这些研究表明性别不平等主要是父系社会内部的一个问题。该发现表明，它也发生在母系系统内，例如Bonjol村的Melayu氏族内。这项研究的结果对以前的研究提出了挑战，这些研究表明性别不平等主要是父系社会内部的一个问题。该发现表明，它也发生在母系系统内，例如Bonjol村的Melayu氏族内。