This article examines precontact Yup’ik masks, maskettes, and mask fragments recently recovered from the Nunalleq site (16th–17th century AD) near the village of Quinhagak, Alaska. Remarkable in their number, size, and variety of designs, the Nunalleq masks, which represent spirits, humans, and animals, indicate a very active ceremonial life among the residents of Nunalleq settlement. This paper combines archaeological, ethnographic, and oral history accounts to demonstrate the existence of a rich mask-carving tradition in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta flourishing at least two centuries prior to European contact. The iconography of Nunalleq masks shows interesting regional connections as well as strong continuity between the pre- and postcontact Yup’ik mask making. Mask-making traditions are conservative, but far from frozen, and some fluidity can be observed within the Nunalleq mask assemblage over the course of ca. 150 years of the site’s occupation.

中文翻译：

---

桥接过去和现在：阿拉斯加Nunalleq基地的预接触式Yup'ik口罩研究

本文研究了最近从阿拉斯加奎因哈格（Ninalleq）村附近的Nunalleq遗址（公元16至17世纪）回收的Yup'ik口罩，口罩和口罩碎片。Nunalleq面具代表着精神，人类和动物，在数量，大小和设计上都非常出色，表明Nunalleq居民区的居民生活非常活跃。本文结合了考古学，人种学和口述历史的记载，以证明在与欧洲接触至少两个世纪前就蓬勃发展的育空地区库斯科维克三角洲有着丰富的口罩雕刻传统。Nunalleq口罩的图像显示了有趣的区域联系，以及接触前和接触后的Yup'ik口罩制作之间的强烈连续性。口罩制作的传统是保守的，但远未冻结，大约在Nunalleq面罩组件内观察到一些流动性。占地150年。