Depression has been linked to weakened perceptions of control. The experimental evidence derives from tasks with exposure to stable action-outcome contingencies. One assumption has been that performance represents a general cognitive bias that might manifest itself by a global performance difference. Another view is that people have specific situational perceptions of control reflecting their recent actions and the contingencies to which they are currently experiencing. In an experiment with N = 179, participants acquired one of four action-outcome sequences (Constant or Variable). We measured how learning was reflected in ratings of control and probability of responding in relation to mood. In three experimental treatments, the overall contingency across training involved an average moderate degree of control (ΔP = 0.25), but differed in how control varied (Constant or one of two Variable treatments). A fourth, control treatment involved a Constant zero degree of control (ΔP = 0.00). Participants rated their control before, during and after each sequence, providing measures of pre-existing bias, ratings of control in specific situations and generalised control perceptions. Specific control ratings were only influenced by the contingency experience and not pre-existing bias. Higher scores on the Beck’s depression inventory were associated with weakened association between action and context ratings. Overall, these data suggest that human agency is related to rates of responding and that mood is related to a difference in sensitivity to the ratings of and responding to the context.

抑郁症与控制感减弱有关。实验证据来自暴露于稳定的行动结果突发事件的任务。一个假设是，绩效代表一种普遍的认知偏见，可能会因整体绩效差异而表现出来。另一种观点是，人们对控制有特定的情境感知，反映了他们最近的行动和他们当前正在经历的突发事件。在N = 179的实验中，参与者获得了四个行动结果序列（恒定或可变）之一。我们测量了学习如何在控制等级和与情绪有关的响应概率中得到反映。在三种实验性治疗中，整个训练期间的总体意外事件涉及平均中等程度的控制（ΔP= 0.25），但在控制方式上有所不同（恒定或两种可变处理之一）。第四个对照治疗涉及恒定的零对照度（ΔP= 0.00）。参与者在每个序列之前，之中和之后对他们的控制进行评估，提供预先存在的偏差的度量，在特定情况下的控制评级以及广义的控制感知。具体的控制等级仅受应急经验的影响，而不受先前的偏见影响。贝克抑郁量表上的较高分数与行动和情境评分之间的关​​联减弱有关。总体而言，这些数据表明，人类的行为能力与反应速度有关，而情绪与对情境的评级和对环境的敏感性差异有关。对照治疗涉及恒定的零控制度（ΔP= 0.00）。参与者在每个序列之前，之中和之后对他们的控制进行评分，提供预先存在的偏差的度量，在特定情况下对控制的评分以及广义的控制感知。具体的控制等级仅受应急经验的影响，而不受先前的偏见影响。贝克抑郁量表上的较高分数与行动和情境评分之间的关​​联减弱有关。总体而言，这些数据表明，人类的行为能力与反应速度有关，而情绪与对情境的评级和对环境的敏感性差异有关。对照治疗涉及恒定的零控制度（ΔP= 0.00）。参与者在每个序列之前，之中和之后对他们的控制进行评估，提供预先存在的偏差的度量，在特定情况下的控制评级以及广义的控制感知。具体的控制等级仅受意外事件经验的影响，而不受先前的偏见影响。贝克抑郁量表上的较高分数与行动和情境评分之间的关​​联减弱有关。总体而言，这些数据表明，人类的行为能力与反应速度有关，而情绪与对情境的评级和对环境的敏感性差异有关。在特定情况下的控制等级和广义的控制感知。具体的控制等级仅受应急经验的影响，而不受先前的偏见影响。贝克抑郁量表上的较高分数与行动和情境评分之间的关​​联减弱有关。总体而言，这些数据表明，人类的行为能力与反应速度有关，而情绪与对情境的评级和对环境的敏感性差异有关。在特定情况下的控制等级和广义的控制感知。具体的控制等级仅受意外事件经验的影响，而不受先前的偏见影响。贝克抑郁量表上的较高分数与行动和情境评分之间的关​​联减弱有关。总体而言，这些数据表明，人类的行为能力与反应速度有关，而情绪与对情境的评级和对环境的敏感性差异有关。