Abstract Over nine million jobs were furloughed in the United Kingdom during the coronavirus pandemic. Using real‐time survey evidence from the UK in April and May 2020, we document which workers were most likely to be furloughed and we analyse variation in the terms on which they furloughed. We find that women were significantly more likely to be furloughed. Inequality in care responsibilities seems to have played a key role: mothers were 10 percentage points more likely than fathers to initiate the decision to be furloughed (as opposed to it being fully or mostly the employer's decision) but we find no such gender gap amongst childless workers. The prohibition of working whilst furloughed was routinely ignored, especially by men who can do a large percentage of their work tasks from home. Women were less likely to have their salary topped up beyond the 80 per cent subsidy paid for by the government. Considering the future, furloughed workers without employer‐provided sick pay have a lower willingness to pay to return to work, as do those in sales and food preparation occupations. Compared with non‐furloughed employees, furloughed workers are more pessimistic about keeping their job in the short to medium run and are more likely to be actively searching for a new job, even when controlling for detailed job characteristics. These results have important implications for the design of short‐time work schemes and the strategy for effectively reopening the economy.

中文翻译：

---

 休假*


摘要：在新冠病毒大流行期间，英国有超过 900 万个工作岗位被迫休假。我们利用英国 2020 年 4 月和 5 月的实时调查证据，记录了哪些工人最有可能被休假，并分析了他们休假条款的变化。我们发现女性休假的可能性明显更大。照顾责任方面的不平等似乎发挥了关键作用：母亲做出休假决定的可能性比父亲高 10 个百分点（而不是完全或大部分由雇主决定），但我们发现无子女群体中不存在这样的性别差距工人。禁止休假期间工作的规定经常被忽视，尤其是那些可以在家完成大部分工作任务的男性。女性的工资不太可能超过政府支付的 80% 补贴。考虑到未来，没有雇主提供病假工资的休假工人支付重返工作岗位的意愿较低，销售和食品准备职业的工人也是如此。与非休假员工相比，休假员工对中短期保住工作更加悲观，更有可能积极寻找新工作，即使在控制了详细的工作特征的情况下也是如此。这些结果对于短期工作计划的设计和有效重新开放经济的策略具有重要意义。