This invited Symposium contribution discusses Jurgen Habermas's celebrated and influential theory of pouvoir constituant mixte. In that account, the EU is constituted by a double authority: that of citizens of nation‐states and that of (the same) citizens as subjects of the future EU. I argue that Habermas's theory is convincing only if the two constitution‐building subjects—citizens of the already constituted nation‐states and citizens of the to‐be‐constituted European Union—are positioned symmetrically in relation to each other. I argue that Habermas's construction is, in fact, asymmetrical. I identify three asymmetries: of expectations, of function and of origins. I argue that these asymmetries place the role of citizens as members of nation‐states in such an advantageous position that it would be irrational for citizens in their other capacity, as citizens of the to‐be‐constituted European Union, to participate in the constituent authority in the terms proposed and defended by Habermas

中文翻译：

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pouvoir 组成混合物的不对称性

此次受邀的研讨会论文讨论了 Jurgen Habermas 著名且有影响力的 pouvoir constituant mixte 理论。在这种情况下，欧盟由双重权威构成：民族国家公民的权威和作为未来欧盟主体的（相同的）公民的权威。我认为哈贝马斯的理论只有在两个宪法建构主体——已经成立的民族国家的公民和即将成立的欧盟的公民——相互对称定位时才具有说服力。我认为哈贝马斯的结构实际上是不对称的。我确定了三种不对称：期望、功能和起源。