ABSTRACT

Taking advantage of an original firm-level survey carried out by the Banque de France, we empirically investigate how the employment of ICT specialists (in-house and external) and the use of digital technologies (cloud and big data) have an impact on firm productivity and labor share. Our analysis relies on the survey responses in 2018 of 1,065 French firms belonging to the manufacturing sector and with at least 20 employees. To tackle potential endogeneity issues, we adopt an instrumental variable approach as proposed by Bartik (1991, Who Benefits from State and Local Economic Development Policies? Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.). The results of our cross-section estimations point to a large effect: ceteris paribus, the employment of ICT specialists and the use of digital technologies improve a firm’s labor productivity by about 23% and its total factor productivity by about 17%. Conversely, the employment of in-house ICT specialists and the use of big data both have a detrimental impact on labor share, of about 2.5 percentage points respectively.

摘要

利用法兰西银行进行的原始企业层面调查，我们实证调查了 ICT 专家（内部和外部）的雇用以及数字技术（云和大数据）的使用如何对企业产生影响生产力和劳动份额。我们的分析依赖于 2018 年对 1,065 家属于制造业且拥有至少 20 名员工的法国公司的调查回复。为了解决潜在的内生性问题，我们采用了 Bartik 提出的工具变量方法（1991，谁从州和地方经济发展政策中受益？卡拉马祖，密歇根州：WE Upjohn 就业研究所。）。我们的横截面估计结果指向一个很大的影响：在其他条件不变的情况下、ICT 专家的聘用和数字技术的使用将企业的劳动生产率提高了约 23%，将全要素生产率提高了约 17%。相反，内部 ICT 专家的雇佣和大数据的使用都对劳动力份额产生了不利影响，分别约为 2.5 个百分点。