Like many animals, adult male chimpanzees often compete for a limited number of mates. They fight other males as they strive for status that confers reproductive benefits and use aggression to coerce females to mate with them. Nevertheless, small-bodied, socially immature adolescent male chimpanzees, who cannot compete with older males for status nor intimidate females, father offspring. We investigated how they do so through a study of adolescent and young adult males at Ngogo in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Adolescent males mated with nulliparous females and reproduced primarily with these first-time mothers, who are not preferred as mating partners by older males. Two other factors, affiliation and aggression, also influenced mating success. Specifically, the strength of affiliative bonds that males formed with females and the amount of aggression males directed toward females predicted male mating success. The effect of male aggression toward females on mating success increased as males aged, especially when they directed it toward females with whom they shared affiliative bonds. These results mirror sexual coercion in humans, which occurs most often between males and females involved in close, affiliative relationships.

中文翻译：

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雄性黑猩猩附属和强制生殖策略的发展


和许多动物一样，成年雄性黑猩猩经常争夺有限数量的配偶。它们会与其他雄性争斗，以争取能够带来生殖利益的地位，并利用攻击性来强迫雌性与它们交配。然而，体型较小、社会性不成熟的青春期雄性黑猩猩无法与年长雄性黑猩猩争夺地位，也无法恐吓雌性，它们成为了后代的父亲。我们通过对乌干达基巴莱国家公园 Ngogo 的青少年和年轻成年男性的研究，调查了它们是如何做到这一点的。青春期的雄性与未产过的雌性交配，并主要与这些初为人母的雌性交配，而年长的雄性并不喜欢将这些雌性作为交配伙伴。另外两个因素，归属感和攻击性，也影响交配成功。具体来说，雄性与雌性形成的亲和关系的强度以及雄性对雌性的攻击性程度预示着雄性交配的成功。随着雄性年龄的增长，雄性对雌性的攻击行为对交配成功率的影响越来越大，尤其是当它们将攻击行为指向与它们有亲缘关系的雌性时。这些结果反映了人类的性胁迫，这种情况最常发生在关系密切的男性和女性之间。