Due to the globalization of Integrated Circuit (IC) design in the semiconductor industry and the outsourcing of chip manufacturing, Third-Party Intellectual Properties (3PIPs) become vulnerable to IP piracy, reverse engineering, counterfeit IC, and hardware trojans. To thwart such attacks, ICs can be protected using logic encryption techniques. However, strong resilient techniques incur significant overheads. Side-channel attacks (SCAs) further complicate matters by introducing potential attacks post fabrication. One of the most severe SCAs is power analysis (PA) attacks, in which an attacker can observe the power variations of the device and analyze them to extract the secret key. PA attacks can be mitigated via adding large extra hardware; however, the overheads of such solutions can render them impractical, especially when there are power and area constraints. All Spin Logic Device (ASLD) is one of the most promising spintronic devices due to its unique properties: small area, no spin-charge signal conversion, zero leakage current, non-volatile memory, high density, low operating voltage, and its compatibility with conventional CMOS technology. In this article, we extend the work in Reference [1] on the usage of ASLD to produce secure and resilient circuits that withstand IC attacks (during the fabrication) and PA attacks (after fabrication), including reverse engineering attacks. First, we show that ASLD has another unique feature: identical power dissipation through the switching operations, where such properties can be effectively used to prevent PA and IC attacks. We then evaluate the proposed ASLD-based on performance overheads and security guarantees.

中文翻译：

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使用 ASL 的弹性和安全硬件设备

由于半导体行业集成电路 (IC) 设计的全球化和芯片制造的外包，第三方知识产权 (3PIP) 容易受到 IP 盗版、逆向工程、假冒 IC 和硬件木马的攻击。为了阻止此类攻击，可以使用逻辑加密技术保护 IC。然而，强大的弹性技术会产生大量开销。侧信道攻击 (SCA) 通过在制造后引入潜在的攻击使问题进一步复杂化。最严重的 SCA 之一是功率分析 (PA) 攻击，其中攻击者可以观察设备的功率变化并对其进行分析以提取密钥。可以通过添加大型额外硬件来缓解 PA 攻击；但是，此类解决方案的开销可能会使它们不切实际，尤其是在存在功率和面积限制的情况下。全自旋逻辑器件 (ASLD) 是最有前途的自旋电子器件之一，因为它具有独特的特性：面积小、无自旋电荷信号转换、零泄漏电流、非易失性存储器、高密度、低工作电压及其兼容性与传统的 CMOS 技术。在本文中，我们扩展了参考文献 [1] 中关于使用 ASLD 生产安全且有弹性的电路的工作，这些电路可以抵御 IC 攻击（制造期间）和 PA 攻击（制造后），包括逆向工程攻击。首先，我们展示了 ASLD 的另一个独特特性：通过开关操作的相同功耗，这些特性可以有效地用于防止 PA 和 IC 攻击。