Cancer as the leading cause of death worldwide has many issues that still need to be addressed. Since the alterations on the glycan compositions or/and structures (i.e., glycosylation, sialylation, and fucosylation) are common features of tumorigenesis, glycomics becomes an emerging field examining the structure and function of glycans. In the past, cancer studies heavily relied on genomics and transcriptomics with relatively little exploration of the glycan alterations and glycoprotein biomarkers among individuals and populations. Since glycosylation of proteins increases their structural complexity by several orders of magnitude, glycome studies resulted in highly dynamic biomarkers that can be evaluated for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Glycome not only integrates our genetic background with past and present environmental factors but also offers a promise of more efficient patient stratification compared with genetic variations. Therefore, studying glycans holds great potential for better diagnostic markers as well as developing more efficient treatment strategies in human cancers. While recent developments in glycomics and associated technologies now offer new possibilities to achieve a high-throughput profiling of glycan diversity, we aim to give an overview of the current status of glycan research and the potential applications of the glycans in the scope of the personalized medicine strategies for cancer.

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人类癌症中聚糖改变和糖蛋白的全部内容

癌症作为世界范围内的主要死因，仍有许多问题需要解决。由于聚糖组成或/和结构的改变（即糖基化、唾液酸化和岩藻糖基化）是肿瘤发生的共同特征，因此糖组学成为研究聚糖结构和功能的新兴领域。过去，癌症研究严重依赖基因组学和转录组学，对个体和人群中的聚糖改变和糖蛋白生物标志物的探索相对较少。由于蛋白质的糖基化将其结构复杂性增加了几个数量级，因此糖组研究产生了高度动态的生物标志物，可用于评估癌症诊断、预后和治疗。Glycome 不仅将我们的遗传背景与过去和现在的环境因素相结合，而且与遗传变异相比，还提供了更有效的患者分层的承诺。因此，研究聚糖对于更好的诊断标志物以及开发更有效的人类癌症治疗策略具有巨大潜力。虽然糖组学和相关技术的最新发展为实现糖链多样性的高通量分析提供了新的可能性，但我们的目标是概述糖链研究的现状以及糖链在个性化医疗范围内的潜在应用癌症的策略。研究聚糖对于更好的诊断标志物以及开发更有效的人类癌症治疗策略具有巨大的潜力。虽然糖组学和相关技术的最新发展为实现糖链多样性的高通量分析提供了新的可能性，但我们的目标是概述糖链研究的现状以及糖链在个性化医疗范围内的潜在应用癌症的策略。研究聚糖对于更好的诊断标志物以及开发更有效的人类癌症治疗策略具有巨大的潜力。虽然糖组学和相关技术的最新发展为实现糖链多样性的高通量分析提供了新的可能性，但我们的目标是概述糖链研究的现状以及糖链在个性化医疗范围内的潜在应用癌症的策略。