Agrochemical use is predicted to increase 2-5 fold by 2050 to meet food demand. Evidence suggests that agrochemical pollution could increase snails that transmit the disease schistosomiasis to 250 million people, but most agrochemicals remain unexamined. Here we quantify the relative effects of fertilizer, six insecticides, and six herbicides on snail genera responsible for 90% of global schistosomiasis cases. We identified fertilizers and 4 of 6 insecticides as high risk for increasing snail biomass by increasing snail resources (vegetative habitat and periphytic food) and reducing snail predators, respectively. Herbicides generally had negative effects on snails by reducing vegetative habitat, with two herbicides increasing snails in the absence of aquatic vegetation. Parasite production, which reflects human infection risk, scaled positively to snail biomass. Our findings suggest that fertilizers and insecticides are more likely to increase human schistosomiasis than herbicides and revealed several low risk agrochemicals that might increase crop production without increasing schistosomiasis.

中文翻译：

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减少疾病和生产食物：13种农药对蜗牛生物量和人类血吸虫的影响

预计到2050年，农用化学品的使用量将增加2-5倍，以满足食品需求。有证据表明，农用化学品的污染可能会增加将疾病血吸虫病传播到2.5亿人的蜗牛，但大多数农用化学品仍未经检查。在这里，我们量化了肥料，六种杀虫剂和六种除草剂对蜗牛类的相对作用，而蜗牛属占全球血吸虫病病例的90％。我们将肥料和6种杀虫剂中的4种分别确定为通过增加蜗牛资源（植物栖息地和植物性食物）和减少蜗牛捕食者而增加蜗牛生物量的高风险。除草剂通常会通过减少营养生境而对蜗牛产生负面影响，而两种除草剂会在没有水生植物的情况下增加蜗牛的生长。反映人类感染风险的寄生虫产生，正比于蜗牛的生物量。我们的发现表明，肥料和杀虫剂比除草剂更可能增加人类血吸虫病，并揭示了几种低风险农用化学品，它们可能在不增加血吸虫病的情况下增加作物产量。