It is now well-accepted that memory is a dynamic process, and that stress and training level may influence which memory system an individual engages when solving a task. In this work, we investigated whether and how chronic stress impacts spatial and cue-based memories according to training level. To that aim, control and chronically stressed Japanese quail were trained in a task that could be solved using spatial and cue-based memory and tested for their memory performances after 5 and 15 training days (initial training and overtraining, respectively) and following an emotional challenge (exposure to an open field). While chronic stress negatively impacted spatial memory in chronically stressed birds after initial training, this impact was lowered after overtraining compared to control quail. Interestingly, the emotional challenge reinstated the differences in performance between the two groups, revealing that chronic stress/overtraining did not eliminate spatial memory. Differences caused by previous stressors can re-emerge depending on the more immediate psychological state of the individual. Contrary to spatial memory, cue-based memory was not impaired in any test occasion, confirming that this form of memory is resistant to chronic stress. Altogether these findings reveal a dynamic dialogue between stress, training, and memory systems in birds.

中文翻译：

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训练水平揭示了鸟类压力与记忆系统之间的动态对话

现在众所周知，记忆是一个动态的过程，压力和训练水平可能会影响个人在完成任务时所使用的记忆系统。在这项工作中，我们根据训练水平调查了慢性压力是否以及如何影响空间和基于提示的记忆。为了达到这个目的，对控制和长期承受压力的日本鹌鹑进行了一项任务训练，该任务可以使用基于空间和基于提示的记忆来解决，并在5和15个训练日（分别为初始训练和过度训练）之后以及情绪激动后对其记忆表现进行测试挑战（暴露在空旷的地方）。虽然慢性应激对初次训练后的慢性应激鸟类的空间记忆有负面影响，但与对照鹌鹑相比，过度训练后这种影响降低了。有趣的是 情绪上的挑战恢复了两组之间的表现差异，表明长期压力/过度训练并不能消除空间记忆。先前压力源造成的差异可能会重新出现，具体取决于个人更直接的心理状态。与空间记忆相反，在任何测试情况下都不会削弱基于提示的记忆，这证明这种记忆形式可以抵抗慢性应激。总而言之，这些发现揭示了鸟类的压力，训练和记忆系统之间的动态对话。基于提示的记忆在任何测试情况下均未受到损害，这证明这种记忆形式可抵抗慢性应激。总而言之，这些发现揭示了鸟类的压力，训练和记忆系统之间的动态对话。基于提示的记忆在任何测试情况下均未受到损害，这证明这种记忆形式可抵抗慢性应激。总而言之，这些发现揭示了鸟类的压力，训练和记忆系统之间的动态对话。