Exposure Assessment of Toxicologically Relevant Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Polymer-Based Costume Masks,Chemical Research in Toxicology

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Exposure Assessment of Toxicologically Relevant Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Polymer-Based Costume Masks
Chemical Research in Toxicology ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00414
Morgane Even _{1,

2} , Alexander Roloff ₁ , Nils Lüttgert ₁ , Jonathan Beauchamp ₃ , Daniel Stalter ₁ , Agnes Schulte ₁ , Christoph Hutzler ₁ , Andreas Luch _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Plastic costume masks regularly exhibit unpleasant odors that may be associated with the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Upon inhalation, VOCs might adversely affect the wearer’s health if the exposure exceeds regulatory threshold values. The VOCs emitted from a selection of costume masks (n = 12) were characterized semiquantitatively with a screening method based on GC/MS measurements in dynamic headspace sampling mode. Furthermore, odors associated with the masks were evaluated by a sensory panel. Two masks emitted particularly high concentrations of ethylbenzene, xylenes, and cyclohexanone and exhibited the most intense and unpleasant odors, which were described as rubber-like, pungent, and leather-like. To simulate and assess the inhalation exposures for wearers of these masks, an innovative experimental setup based on a doll’s head was developed, with sampling of emitted volatiles on adsorption material and subsequent analysis by thermal desorption–GC/MS. The measured inhalable concentrations of cyclohexanone exceeded the derived no-effect level (DNEL) for systemic effects on the general population over several hours of wearing, and also after repeated use. Importantly, the cyclohexanone DNEL was reevaluated in relation to a recent study on inhalation toxicity in rodents and was found to be significantly lower (1.4 mg·m^–3) compared to the industry-derived values (10–20 mg·m^–3), thus aggravating the health risks associated with inhalation exposure from some of the costume masks tested. Finally, a comparison of the inhalable concentrations derived from the simulated exposure assessments with those derived from measurements in miniaturized emission test chambers indicate that microchambers represent a useful tool for high-throughput analysis. The influences of temperature and inhalation/exhalation flow rates on VOC exposures were also studied.

中文翻译：

从基于聚合物的服装面具排放的毒理学相关挥发性有机化合物的暴露评估

塑料服装面具通常会散发出难闻的气味，这可能与挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 的排放有关。吸入后，如果暴露量超过监管阈值，VOC 可能会对佩戴者的健康产生不利影响。使用基于动态顶空采样模式下的 GC/MS 测量的筛选方法对从精选服装面具 ( n = 12)发出的 VOC进行半定量表征。此外，与口罩相关的气味由感官小组评估。两个口罩散发出特别高浓度的乙苯、二甲苯和环己酮，并表现出最强烈和最难闻的气味，被描述为橡胶状、刺鼻性和皮革状。. 为了模拟和评估这些口罩佩戴者的吸入暴露情况，开发了一种基于玩偶头部的创新实验装置，对吸附材料上排放的挥发物进行采样，然后通过热脱附-GC/MS 进行分析。测量的环己酮可吸入浓度超过了对一般人群在佩戴数小时内以及重复使用后对全身性影响的衍生无影响水平 (DNEL)。重要的是，环己酮DNEL被重新评估相对于在啮齿动物吸入毒性最近的研究并发现是显著较低（1.4毫克·米^-3）相比于工业来源的值（10-20毫克·米^-3)，从而加剧了与某些测试服装口罩的吸入暴露相关的健康风险。最后，将模拟暴露评估得出的可吸入浓度与微型排放测试室中测量得出的浓度进行比较表明，微室代表了高通量分析的有用工具。还研究了温度和吸气/呼气流速对 VOC 暴露的影响。

更新日期：2021-01-18

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