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An integrated space-to-ground quantum communication network over 4,600 kilometres
Nature ( IF 50.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 , DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03093-8
Yu-Ao Chen 1, 2 , Qiang Zhang 1, 2 , Teng-Yun Chen 1, 2 , Wen-Qi Cai 1, 2 , Sheng-Kai Liao 1, 2 , Jun Zhang 1, 2 , Kai Chen 1, 2 , Juan Yin 1, 2 , Ji-Gang Ren 1, 2 , Zhu Chen 1, 2 , Sheng-Long Han 1, 2 , Qing Yu 3 , Ken Liang 3 , Fei Zhou 4 , Xiao Yuan 1, 2 , Mei-Sheng Zhao 1, 2 , Tian-Yin Wang 1, 2 , Xiao Jiang 1, 2 , Liang Zhang 2, 5 , Wei-Yue Liu 1, 2 , Yang Li 1, 2 , Qi Shen 1, 2 , Yuan Cao 1, 2 , Chao-Yang Lu 1, 2 , Rong Shu 2, 5 , Jian-Yu Wang 2, 5 , Li Li 1, 2 , Nai-Le Liu 1, 2 , Feihu Xu 1, 2 , Xiang-Bin Wang 4 , Cheng-Zhi Peng 1, 2 , Jian-Wei Pan 1, 2
Affiliation  

Quantum key distribution (QKD)1,2 has the potential to enable secure communication and information transfer3. In the laboratory, the feasibility of point-to-point QKD is evident from the early proof-of-concept demonstration in the laboratory over 32 centimetres4; this distance was later extended to the 100-kilometre scale5,6 with decoy-state QKD and more recently to the 500-kilometre scale7,8,9,10 with measurement-device-independent QKD. Several small-scale QKD networks have also been tested outside the laboratory11,12,13,14. However, a global QKD network requires a practically (not just theoretically) secure and reliable QKD network that can be used by a large number of users distributed over a wide area15. Quantum repeaters16,17 could in principle provide a viable option for such a global network, but they cannot be deployed using current technology18. Here we demonstrate an integrated space-to-ground quantum communication network that combines a large-scale fibre network of more than 700 fibre QKD links and two high-speed satellite-to-ground free-space QKD links. Using a trusted relay structure, the fibre network on the ground covers more than 2,000 kilometres, provides practical security against the imperfections of realistic devices, and maintains long-term reliability and stability. The satellite-to-ground QKD achieves an average secret-key rate of 47.8 kilobits per second for a typical satellite pass—more than 40 times higher than achieved previously. Moreover, its channel loss is comparable to that between a geostationary satellite and the ground, making the construction of more versatile and ultralong quantum links via geosynchronous satellites feasible. Finally, by integrating the fibre and free-space QKD links, the QKD network is extended to a remote node more than 2,600 kilometres away, enabling any user in the network to communicate with any other, up to a total distance of 4,600 kilometres.



中文翻译:

超过4600公里的天地一体化量子通信网络

量子密钥分发 (QKD) 1,2具有实现安全通信和信息传输3的潜力。在实验室中,点对点 QKD 的可行性从实验室超过 32 厘米4的早期概念验证演示可见一斑;这个距离后来扩展到 100 公里范围5,6与诱饵状态 QKD,最近扩展到 500 公里范围7,8,9,10与测量设备无关的 QKD。几个小规模的 QKD 网络也在实验室外进行了测试11,12,13,14. 然而,全球 QKD 网络需要一个实际上(不仅仅是理论上)安全可靠的 QKD 网络,供分布在广阔区域的大量用户使用15。量子中继器16,17原则上可为此类全球网络提供可行的选择,但无法使用当前技术进行部署18. 在这里,我们展示了一个集成的空对地量子通信网络,它结合了一个由 700 多个光纤 QKD 链路和两个高速星对地自由空间 QKD 链路组成的大规模光纤网络。地面光纤网络采用可信中继结构,覆盖2000多公里,针对现实设备的缺陷提供实用的安全保障,并保持长期的可靠性和稳定性。对于典型的卫星通过,星对地 QKD 的平均密钥速率达到每秒 47.8 kb——比以前高出 40 多倍。此外,其信道损耗与地球静止卫星与地面之间的信道损耗相当,使得通过地球同步卫星构建更通用、超长的量子链路成为可能。最后,

更新日期:2021-01-06
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