Abstract

Introduction

This study aimed to define and characterize current literature describing salivary biomarker changes with the goal of improving diagnosis and treatment outcomes for sleep apnea.

Area Covered

A search of six databases yielded 401 peer-reviewed articles published through October 2019 corresponded to 221 unique references following deduplication. Twenty studies were selected. The sample size ranged from 17–99. The samples were mostly whole saliva and selected glandular areas.

Expert Opinion

Most targeted studies focused on the level of salivary cortisol and ɑ-amylase. One study used RNA transcriptome analysis of 96 genes. Only two explored novel targets using mass spectrometry. ɑ-amylase, myeloperoxidase, and IL-6 were among those biomarkers found associated with OSA. Cytokeratin, CystatinB, calgranulin A, and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein are upregulated in OSA patients based on non-targeting mass spectrometry. Salivary cortisol and ɑ-amylase and others appeared to be associated with severity of OSA and OSA treatment. There were inconsistencies in saliva collection and processing protocols. More studies are needed in exploring novel biomarkers to examine if these biomarkers are capable of diagnosing and monitoring OSA through proteomics or transcriptomics. Salivary biomarkers have a potential to be a non-invasive measure for the disease diagnosis and treatment outcome monitoring for sleep apnea.

中文翻译：

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与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停相关的唾液生物标志物：系统评价

摘要

介绍

这项研究旨在定义和表征描述唾液生物标志物变化的现有文献，以改善睡眠呼吸暂停的诊断和治疗结果。

覆盖面积

对六个数据库的搜索产生了截至2019年10月的401篇经同行评审的文章，对应于重复数据删除后的221个唯一引用。选择了二十项研究。样本数量范围为17–99。样本大部分为全唾液和选定的腺体区域。

专家意见

最有针对性的研究集中在唾液皮质醇和α-淀粉酶的水平。一项研究使用了96个基因的RNA转录组分析。只有两个使用质谱法探索了新型目标。β-淀粉酶，髓过氧化物酶和IL-6是与OSA相关的生物标志物。基于非靶向质谱分析法，OSA患者的细胞角蛋白，胱抑素B，钙粒蛋白A和α-2-HS-糖蛋白被上调。唾液皮质醇和β-淀粉酶等可能与OSA和OSA治疗的严重程度有关。唾液收集和处理方案不一致。在探索新型生物标志物以检查这些生物标志物是否能够通过蛋白质组学或转录组学来诊断和监测OSA方面，还需要进行更多的研究。