Nitrogen‐use efficient and leaf‐disease resistant corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars are important to reduce costs and increase sustainability in farming. Studies have shown that non‐additive genes may enhance nutrient‐use efficiency and disease resistance in corn crops. This work aimed to analyze the responses of popcorn hybrids to northern leaf blight (NLB) under contrasting nitrogen availability. We evaluated NLB incidence and severity in 28 diallel hybrids and their parental lines. Competition trials were set in a randomized block design and arranged in a 6 × 6 lattice. The trials were conducted in four environments: two sites and two nitrogen availability conditions per site (ideal [IN] and low [LN]). The area under the progress curve of NLB incidence and severity was estimated for each genotype. To reduce the disease in multiple environments, general combining ability (GCA) of parentals is more important than specific combining ability (SCA) of hybrid combinations. The interactions between SCA and environment were significant for the disease resistance. Therefore, the best combinations should be identified for each environment so that NLB resistance could be enhanced. Low nitrogen availability enhanced the ability of parents to reduce NLB incidence and severity. Hybrid development is an efficient strategy to attain genetic gains in NLB resistance in multiple environments, regardless of N availability. The exploitation of additive gene effects may assist plant breeders in obtaining promising parents for the development of resistant hybrids in multiple locations.

中文翻译：

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氮素利用率对比下爆米花对北方叶枯病抗性的Diallel分析

氮肥高效且抗叶病的玉米（玉米）L.）品种对于降低成本和提高农业可持续性很重要。研究表明，非加性基因可以增强玉米作物的养分利用效率和抗病性。这项工作旨在分析氮素可利用条件下爆米花杂种对北方白叶枯病（NLB）的响应。我们评估了28个Dialell杂种及其亲本中NLB的发生率和严重性。竞赛试验采用随机区组设计，并排列成6×6的格子。该试验在以下四个环境中进行：两个站点和每个站点两个氮的有效条件（理想[IN]和低[LN]）。估计每种基因型在NLB发生率和严重性进展曲线下的面积。为了减少多种环境中的疾病，父母亲的一般结合能力（GCA）比杂交组合的特异性结合能力（SCA）更重要。SCA与环境之间的相互作用对于抗病性具有重要意义。因此，应该为每种环境确定最佳组合，以便可以增强NLB抵抗力。低氮利用率提高了父母降低NLB发生率和严重程度的能力。杂种开发是一种有效的策略，无论在多大的氮素利用率下，都能在多种环境中获得NLB抗性的遗传增益。利用累加基因效应可以帮助植物育种者获得有前途的亲本，以在多个地方发展抗性杂种。SCA与环境之间的相互作用对于抗病性具有重要意义。因此，应该为每种环境确定最佳组合，以便可以增强NLB抵抗力。低氮利用率提高了父母降低NLB发生率和严重程度的能力。杂种开发是一种有效的策略，无论在多大的氮素利用率下，都能在多种环境中获得NLB抗性的遗传增益。利用累加基因效应可以帮助植物育种者获得有前途的亲本，以在多个地方发展抗性杂种。SCA与环境之间的相互作用对于抗病性具有重要意义。因此，应该为每种环境确定最佳组合，以便可以增强NLB抵抗力。低氮利用率提高了父母降低NLB发生率和严重程度的能力。杂种开发是一种有效的策略，无论在多大的氮素利用率下，都能在多种环境中获得NLB抗性的遗传增益。利用累加基因效应可以帮助植物育种者获得有前途的亲本，以在多个地方发展抗性杂种。杂种开发是一种有效的策略，无论在多大的氮素利用率下，都能在多种环境中获得NLB抗性的遗传增益。利用累加基因效应可以帮助植物育种者获得有前途的亲本，以在多个地方发展抗性杂种。杂种开发是一种有效的策略，无论在多大的氮素利用率下，都能在多种环境中获得NLB抗性的遗传增益。利用累加基因效应可以帮助植物育种者获得有前途的亲本，以在多个地方发展抗性杂种。