The complex and changeable environment is a brand-new living condition for the viruses and pathogens released by the infected people to the indoor air or deposited on the surface of objects, which is an important external condition affecting the decay and transmission risk of the viruses. Exposure to contaminated surfaces is one of the main routes of respiratory diseases transmission. Therefore, it is very important for epidemic prevention and control to study the law of virus decay and the environmental coupling effect on various surfaces. Based on the analysis of the influencing mechanism, a large amount of experimental evidence on the survival of viruses on the surface of objects were excavated in this paper, and the effects of various factors, such as surface peripheral temperature, relative humidity, virus-containing droplet volume, surface materials and virus types, on the decay rate constants of viruses were comprehensively analyzed. It was found that although the experimental methods, virus types and experimental conditions varied widely in different experiments, the virus concentrations on the surface of objects all followed the exponential decay law, and the coupling effect of various factors was reflected in the decay rate constant k. Under different experimental conditions, k values ranged from 0.001 to 100 h⁻¹, with a difference of 5 orders of magnitude, corresponding to the characteristic time t₉₉ between 500 and 0.1 h when the virus concentration decreased by 99%. This indicates a large variation in the risk of virus transmission in different scenarios. By revealing the common law and individuality of the virus decay on the surface of objects, the essential relationship between the experimental observation phenomenon and virus decay was analyzed. This paper points out the huge difference in virus transmission risk on the surface at different time nodes, and discusses the prevention and control strategies to grasp the main contradictions in the different situations.

复杂多变的环境是感染者释放到室内空气中或沉积在物体表面的病毒和病原体全新的生存条件，是影响病毒衰变和传播风险的重要外部条件。接触受污染的表面是呼吸道疾病传播的主要途径之一。因此，研究病毒的衰变规律以及各种表面的环境耦合效应对于疫情防控非常重要。本文在分析影响机制的基础上，挖掘了大量关于病毒在物体表面存活的实验证据，并分析了物体表面周边温度、相对湿度、含病毒量等多种因素的影响。综合分析了飞沫体积、表面材料和病毒类型对病毒衰变速率常数的影响。研究发现，虽然不同实验的实验方法、病毒种类和实验条件差异较大，但物体表面的病毒浓度均遵循指数衰减规律，且各种因素的耦合作用体现在衰减速率常数k上。 。不同实验条件下， k值范围为0.001～100 h ^-1 ，相差5个数量级，对应病毒浓度下降99%时500～0.1 h之间的特征时间t ₉₉ 。这表明不同场景下病毒传播的风险存在很大差异。 通过揭示病毒在物体表面腐烂的共性规律和个性，分析了实验观察现象与病毒腐烂之间的本质关系。本文指出不同时间节点地表病毒传播风险的巨大差异，并探讨不同情况下把握主要矛盾的防控策略。