The low power-conversion efficiency (PCE) and reproducibility reported to date for roll-to-roll (R2R)-fabricated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) results from difficulty in controlling perovskite film quality. Here, we present a systematic comparison of the hot-deposition method, which induces crystal-growth-driven (CGD) film formation, and the anti-solvent method, which induces nucleation-driven (ND) film formation, for one-step perovskite film formation. Perovskite films produced by the two methods show markedly different micro-structural and optoelectronic properties; however, PCEs of CGD-type PSCs are only marginally lower than those of ND-type PSCs. Importantly, the average performance of PSCs incorporating a CGD-type perovskite layer is independent of humidity during fabrication and displays improved stability and reproducibility, prompting further investigation of upscaling potential. R2R-produced PSCs on plastic substrate with four slot-die-coated functional layers show superior reproducibility and micro-structural, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic properties comparable with those of glass-based PSCs, indicating excellent promise for translation to a manufacturing process.

迄今为止报道的卷对卷（R2R）制造的钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的低功率转换效率（PCE）和可重复性是由于难以控制钙钛矿薄膜质量而导致的。在这里，我们对一步法钙钛矿的热沉积方法（诱导晶体生长驱动（CGD）成膜）和反溶剂方法（诱导成核驱动（ND）成膜）进行了系统的比较。成膜。两种方法生产的钙钛矿薄膜显示出明显不同的微观结构和光电性能。但是，CGD型PSC的PCE仅略低于ND型PSC的PCE。重要的是，掺入CGD型钙钛矿层的PSC的平均性能与制造过程中的湿度无关，并显示出更高的稳定性和可重复性，促使进一步研究扩大规模的潜力。R4R生产的具有四个狭缝模头涂覆的功能层的塑料基板上的PSC具有与玻璃基PSC相当的可重复性以及微结构，光电和光伏特性，这预示了向生产过程转化的巨大希望。