Grape pomace can be used to produce several products, such as, biofuels, fertilizers, or catalysts.

This work focuses on the carbonization of grape pomace assessing the impact of the carbonization temperature and temperature rate on the properties of the resulting biochars. The potential use of the produced biochars were analyzed by a multiple criteria decision method. To this end, grape pomace particles of 250 μm were carbonized in a nitrogen atmosphere using a horizontal electrically heated tube furnace. The experiments were carried out for temperatures between 300 and 800 °C and residence times between 30 and 75 min. The resulting biochars were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The results reveal that i) the biochar yields decrease from ~51% to ~30% as the carbonization temperature increases from 300 to 800 °C; ii) the biochar produced at higher temperature presents the lowest H/C and O/C ratios; iii) for raw biomass the thermal degradation of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin occurred at temperatures below 600 °C, while for the biochars only cellulose and lignin decomposition happened; iv) the biochars present ashes with high contents of magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and calcium; and v) the biochar obtained at 400 and 500 °C is adequate for biofertilizer and 400 °C for biocatalyst application. For the biofuel application the best temperature was 500 and 600 °C.

葡萄渣可用于生产多种产品，例如生物燃料，肥料或催化剂。

这项工作专注于葡萄渣的碳化，评估碳化温度和温度速率对所得生物炭特性的影响。通过多标准决策方法分析了产生的生物炭的潜在用途。为此，使用卧式电加热管式炉在氮气气氛中将250μm的葡萄果渣颗粒碳化。在300至800°C的温度和30至75分钟的停留时间下进行了实验。所得的生物炭通过热重分析，扫描电子显微镜和能量色散X射线光谱法表征。结果表明：i）随着炭化温度从300°C升高到800°C，生物炭收率从〜51％降低到〜30％；ii）在较高温度下产生的生物炭具有最低的H / C和O / C比；iii）对于原始生物质，半纤维素，纤维素和木质素的热降解发生在低于600°C的温度下，而对于生物炭，仅纤维素和木质素发生分解；iv）生物炭灰烬中的镁，磷，钾和钙含量很高；v）在400和500°C下获得的生物炭足以用于生物肥料，而在400°C下则足以用于生物催化剂。对于生物燃料应用，最佳温度是500和600°C。iv）生物炭灰烬中的镁，磷，钾和钙含量很高；v）在400和500°C下获得的生物炭足以用于生物肥料，而在400°C下则足以用于生物催化剂。对于生物燃料应用，最佳温度是500和600°C。iv）生物炭灰烬中的镁，磷，钾和钙含量很高；v）在400和500°C下获得的生物炭足以用于生物肥料，而在400°C下则足以用于生物催化剂。对于生物燃料应用，最佳温度是500和600°C。