Purpose

This study, for the first time, investigated the pattern of changes in a range of macromolecules and minerals of a lignocellulosic substrate utilized for cultivation of Enoki mushroom.

Methods

Five different phases of a lignocellulosic substrate (consisting of 40% wheat straw + 40% sawdust + 18% wheat bran) were examined, including raw, mycelia-filled, pinning, fruiting, and the spent substrates. A well-authenticated native strain of Enoki mushroom, Flammulina velutipes, was used for cultivation in the substrate.

Results

The results exhibited a significant 1.35-fold, 1.18-fold, and 1.30-fold increase in nitrogen, soluble carbohydrates, and ash contents of the spent substrate, respectively, compared to the raw substrate. Conversely, a remarkable reduction was observed in holocellulose (27%), insoluble lignin (27%), insoluble carbohydrates (33%), and C:N ratio (33%) in the spent substrate, compared to the raw substrate. Soluble lignin increased by 23% in the mycelia-filled phase compared to the raw substrate, but it returned to its initial level in the spent substrate. Further HPLC coupled with GC–MS confirmed the lignin changes and demonstrated that the ratio of syringyl to guaiacyl (as lignin monolignols) increased towards the fructification phases. There was also a significant increase in the contents of elements in the spent substrate compared to the raw substrate.

Conclusion

The data presented here provide evidences for understanding how biochemical changes in macromolecules of a lignocellulosic substrate could lead to optimum vegetative growth and fructification of Enoki mushroom, leaving a high-value non-toxic spent substrate.

Graphic Abstract

中文翻译：

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固态栽培金针菇的底物生化和矿物成分的定量变化

目的

这项研究首次调查了用于种植Enoki蘑菇的木质纤维素底物的一系列大分子和矿物质的变化模式。

方法

检查了木质纤维素基质的五个不同阶段（由40％的麦草+ 40％的木屑+ 18％的麦麸组成），包括未加工的，菌丝体填充的，钉扎的，结实的和用过的基质。一种经充分鉴定的原生野蘑菇的金针菇（金针菇）用于在基质中培养。

结果

结果显示，与原始底物相比，废底物的氮，可溶性碳水化合物和灰分含量分别显着增加了1.35倍，1.18倍和1.30倍。相反，与用过的基质相比，用过的基质中的全纤维素（27％），不溶性木质素（27％），不溶性碳水化合物（33％）和C：N比（33％）显着降低。与未加工的底物相比，在菌丝体填充阶段可溶性木质素增加了23％，但在用过的底物中木质素又恢复到初始水平。进一步的HPLC结合GC-MS证实了木质素的变化，并证明了在果糖化阶段，丁香基与愈创木脂的比例（木质素单木酚）增加。

结论

这里提供的数据为理解木质纤维素底物大分子的生化变化如何导致最佳的营养生长和金针菇的果糖化留下了高价值的无毒废底物。

图形摘要