Intraspecific variations in mating systems have been reported in numerous species, especially when they live in varying ecological contexts. This leads to variability between populations with regard to the proportion of females engaging in multiple male mating, which depends on the number of males available. For hunted ungulate species, hunting is known to influence population structure, especially when males are preferentially targeted for trophy hunting. Here, we investigated how variations in hunting pressure and the yearly proportion of heavy males removed have impacted multiple paternity rates in five wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) populations located in similar ecological contexts. We found high rates of multiple paternity in all studied populations, confirming the recently reported promiscuous mating system of wild boar. However, variations in hunting pressure and removal of heavy males did not significantly influence multiple paternity rates, contrary to our expectation. Nonetheless, a slight tendency for a decreasing multiple paternity rate with increasing hunting pressure and for increasing multiple paternity rate with increasing removal of heavy males from the population was detected. Based on these results, we discuss an alternative hypothesis on the ecological processes sustaining the influence of hunting regimes on the mating system. Overall, hunting pressure and management rules might be sufficient to disrupt the mating system in any of the populations, so it is important to continue the sampling of wild boar populations at the European scale, especially in populations with little hunting pressure.

已经报道了许多物种的交配系统种内差异，特别是当它们生活在不同的生态环境中时。这导致种群之间在参与多次雄性交配的雌性比例方面存在差异，这取决于可用的雄性数量。对于狩猎的有蹄类动物，众所周知，狩猎会影响种群结构，尤其是当男性优先成为奖杯狩猎的目标时。在这里，我们调查了狩猎压力的变化和重磅雄性的年去除率如何影响五头野猪（Sus scrofa scrofa）位于相似生态环境中的人口。我们发现在所有研究人群中多重亲子关系的发生率很高，这证实了最近报道的野猪交配系统。然而，与我们的预期相反，狩猎压力的变化和沉重的男性的移出并没有显着影响多重父子的比率。但是，检测到轻微的趋势，即随着狩猎压力的增加，多重父系率降低；随着重度男性从种群中移出的增加，多重父系率升高。基于这些结果，我们讨论了维持狩猎制度对交配系统影响的生态过程的另一种假设。总体而言，狩猎压力和管理规则可能足以破坏任何种群的交配系统，