In this present study, pure and Ni²⁺ (3, 7, and 10% mol.)-substituted SnO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by sol-gel method. The prepared samples were characterized by powder XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, EDX, UV-visible spectra, room temperature (RT) photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and VSM techniques. XRD study revealed the polycrystalline tetragonal rutile structure of pure and Ni²⁺-substituted SnO₂ NPs. Crystallite size of pure and Ni²⁺-substituted SnO₂ NPs were found to be 26 to 34 nm in range. FT-IR study confirmed the presence of metal-oxide (M-O) bond vibrations for pure and Ni-substituted SnO₂ NPs. FE-SEM, EDX, HR-TEM, and SAED pattern indicated that pure and Ni²⁺-substituted SnO₂ NPs are well-defined formation of spherical-sized nanocrystallites, with diameter of about 10–40 nm of grain size. UV-Vis spectrum specified a sharp absorption peak ~ 425 nm representing the band to band transition. RT-PL study showed the peak ~ 467 nm for all samples, indicating the band gap of 2.65 eV. The higher value of Ms is found to be 0.0429 emu/g for Ni-substituted SnO₂ NPs. Magnetic study revealed that the Ni-substituted SnO₂ NPs presented ferromagnetism. Photocatalytic degradation (PCD) of methylene blue (MB) was analyzed using photo-catalytic reactor and obtained the maximum of PCD efficiency of 3% Ni-substituted SnO₂ NPs under the visible light irradiation.

在本研究中，通过溶胶-凝胶法合成了纯的和Ni ²⁺（^3、7和10％mol。）取代的SnO ₂纳米颗粒（NPs）。制备的样品通过粉末XRD，FT-IR，FE-SEM，HR-TEM，EDX，紫外可见光谱，室温（RT）光致发光（PL）光谱和VSM技术进行表征。XRD研究揭示了纯的和Ni ²⁺取代的SnO ₂ NP的多晶四方金红石结构。发现纯的和Ni ²⁺取代的SnO ₂ NP的微晶尺寸在26至34nm的范围内。FT-IR研究证实了纯的和Ni取代的SnO ₂存在金属氧化物（MO）键振动NP。FE-SEM，EDX，HR-TEM和SAED图谱表明，纯的和Ni ²⁺取代的SnO ₂ NPs是球形纳米晶体的明确形成，直径约10-40 nm。UV-Vis光谱指定了一个陡峭的吸收峰〜425 nm，代表了谱带到谱带的跃迁。RT-PL研究显示所有样品的峰值均为467 nm，表明带隙为2.65 eV。对于Ni-取代的SnO ₂ NP，发现较高的Ms值为0.0429 emu / g 。磁性研究表明，Ni取代的SnO ₂ NPs具有铁磁性。使用光催化反应器分析亚甲基蓝（MB）的光催化降解（PCD），并获得3％Ni-取代的SnO ₂的最大PCD效率 可见光照射下的NP。