Gametophytic embryogenesis is a process capable of accelerating trait discovery and cultivar development in plant-breeding programs. However, recalcitrance to morphogenic stimuli has limited such work in many crops of interest, especially among fabaceous species such as soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill). In complementary studies, donor plant and culture conditions were documented to successfully divert isolated soybean microspores from a gametophytic pathway; these findings were reinforced through transcriptomic analysis of microspores subjected to pretreatment temperature stress, suggesting cellular dedifferentiation through suppression of the pollen developmental program. In the present study, cytological characteristics were observed in isolated microspore culture, which evidenced non-gametophytic development. These phenotypes included (i) inhibition of daughter cell specialization, (ii) pollen dimorphism, and (iii) exine rupture, among others. The outlined morphologies were placed into the context of established gametophytic embryogenesis platforms, further supporting previous claims of cell fate redirection in soybean microspores. The present study provides insight into gametophytic embryogenesis induction via isolated microspore culture and may prove useful for the investigation of soybean androgenesis.

配子体胚发生是能够在植物育种程序中加速性状发现和品种发展的过程。但是，对形态发生刺激的顽固性限制了许多目标作物中的这种工作，特别是在大豆等豆科物种中（Glycine max[L.] Merrill）。在补充研究中，有文献记载了供体植物和培养条件可以成功地将分离的大豆小孢子从配子体途径转移出去。通过对经受预处理温度胁迫的小孢子进行转录组分析，这些发现得到了加强，表明通过抑制花粉发育程序可以使细胞脱分化。在本研究中，在分离的小孢子培养物中观察到细胞学特征，这证明了非配子体发育。这些表型包括（i）抑制子代细胞的特化，（ii）花粉二态性，和（iii）外壁破裂。概述的形态被置于已建立的配子体胚胎发生平台的背景下，进一步支持了先前关于大豆小孢子中细胞命运重定向的主张。本研究提供了配子体胚胎发生诱导的见解通过分离的小孢子培养，可能被证明对研究大豆雄激素有帮助。