Abstract

Malaysia, as one of the top energy subsidizing countries, has announced to remove energy subsidies necessarily, not only to reduce energy consumption and the government budget deficit but also to improve overall efficiency and air quality. Therefore, this study evaluates the impacts of rationalizing energy subsidy and its energy efficiency improvement during 2010–2030 using a dynamic recursive computable general equilibrium model. Results revealed that reducing energy subsidies decreases energy consumption and emissions of all air pollutants. While the economic performance of the country improves in the long run due to stimulation in capital demand and investment, it reduces in the short run. Energy efficiency also improves by 1.1% and 2.3%, in the short run, in response to a reduction of 10% and 100% in energy subsidies, respectively. Energy efficiency improvements decrease the negative effects of pure subsidy policies on real GDP, trade, investment, and household consumption. The efficiency improvement policies also are effective in reducing more level of the rebound effect and lead to more energy saving in the economy, particularly in the petroleum products sector. The impacts on the rebound effect also differ across economic sectors. The results of this study provide new insights for energy subsidy policy and energy efficiency and suggest that additional tools and policies are required for improving the energy efficiency caused by phasing out energy subsidies.

Graphic abstract

Malaysia, as one of the top energy subsidized countries, attempts to reduce the level of energy subsidies over time and, consequently, decline the use of fossil fuels in the economy. Therefore, this study analyzes the impacts of different subsidy reform policy on energy efficiency and, consequently, on economic and environmental performance and rebound effect of Malaysia by a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model.

中文翻译：

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能源补贴政策中提高能效的有效性

摘要

马来西亚作为最大的能源补贴国之一，已经宣布有必要取消能源补贴，这不仅是为了减少能源消耗和政府预算赤字，而且是为了改善整体效率和空气质量。因此，本研究使用动态递归可计算一般均衡模型评估了合理化能源补贴及其在2010-2030年期间提高能源效率的影响。结果表明，减少能源补贴可以减少能源消耗和所有空气污染物的排放。由于刺激了资本需求和投资，该国的经济表现从长远来看有所改善，但从短期来看却有所下降。短期内，由于能源补贴分别减少了10％和100％，能源效率也提高了1.1％和2.3％。能源效率的提高减少了纯补贴政策对实际GDP，贸易，投资和家庭消费的负面影响。效率改善政策还可以有效降低反弹效应的水平，并在经济中，尤其是在石油产品领域，进一步节省能源。不同经济部门对反弹效应的影响也不同。这项研究的结果为能源补贴政策和能源效率提供了新的见解，并建议需要其他工具和政策来改善因逐步取消能源补贴而导致的能源效率。效率改善政策还可以有效降低反弹效应的水平，并在经济中，尤其是在石油产品领域，进一步节省能源。不同经济部门对反弹效应的影响也不同。这项研究的结果为能源补贴政策和能源效率提供了新的见解，并建议需要其他工具和政策来改善因逐步取消能源补贴而导致的能源效率。效率改善政策还可以有效降低反弹效应的水平，并在经济中，尤其是在石油产品领域，进一步节省能源。不同经济部门对反弹效应的影响也不同。这项研究的结果为能源补贴政策和能源效率提供了新的见解，并建议需要其他工具和政策来改善因逐步取消能源补贴而导致的能源效率。

图形摘要

马来西亚是获得最高能源补贴的国家之一，它试图随着时间的推移降低能源补贴的水平，因此，在经济中减少了对化石燃料的使用。因此，本研究通过递归动态可计算一般均衡模型分析了不同补贴改革政策对能源效率的影响，进而对马来西亚的经济和环境绩效以及反弹效应。