Divergent thinking, the ability to generate multiple ideas from different perspectives, is considered a central component of the creative thinking process. While context, personality traits, and cognitive control abilities have individually been shown to have large effects on divergent thinking, their interrelationship is yet to be elucidated. In 83 healthy participants (Males = 42%), we investigated how context adaptation of divergent thinking is related to normal variations in autistic and positive schizotypal traits as well as to proactive and reactive cognitive control strategies. Context adaptation of divergent thinking—defined as the variance in the proportion of unique to total responses of a drawing divergent thinking task performed across four different contexts—was predicted by a 3-way interaction of autistic traits, positive schizotypal traits, and cognitive control. Specifically, increasing reactive control improved context adaptation when positive schizotypal traits were high and autistic traits were low, while increasing proactive control was associated with improved context adaptation when both autistic and positive schizotypal traits were high. Both modes of cognitive control can enhance the ability to generate unique ideas across contexts, but this depends on the individuals’ specific combinations of autistic and positive schizotypal trait levels.

中文翻译：

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认知控制、自闭症和分裂型特征如何塑造发散思维的情境适应

发散思维，即从不同角度产生多种想法的能力，被认为是创造性思维过程的核心组成部分。虽然背景、人格特征和认知控制能力已被证明对发散思维有很大影响，但它们之间的相互关系尚待阐明。在 83 名健康参与者（男性 = 42%）中，我们调查了发散思维的情境适应与自闭症和积极分裂型特征的正常变化以及主动和反应性认知控制策略之间的关系。发散思维的情境适应——定义为在四种不同背景下进行的绘图发散思维任务的独特反应与总反应的比例的差异——由自闭症特征的三向相互作用预测，积极的分裂型特征和认知控制。具体而言，当积极的分裂型特征高而自闭症特征低时，增加反应控制可以改善情境适应，而当自闭症和积极的分裂型特质都高时，增加主动控制与改善情境适应相关。两种认知控制模式都可以增强跨环境产生独特想法的能力，但这取决于个体的自闭症和积极分裂型特征水平的特定组合。当自闭症和积极的分裂型特征都很高时，增加主动控制与改善环境适应有关。两种认知控制模式都可以增强跨环境产生独特想法的能力，但这取决于个体的自闭症和积极分裂型特征水平的特定组合。当自闭症和积极的分裂型特征都很高时，增加主动控制与改善环境适应有关。两种认知控制模式都可以增强跨环境产生独特想法的能力，但这取决于个体的自闭症和积极分裂型特征水平的特定组合。