Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Leishmania infantum in the Mediterranean area and transmitted by phlebotomine sand fly vectors. The domestic dog is the main reservoir host. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different individual, environmental and spatial risk factors on the dog exposure to L. infantum and to estimate the seroprevalence among owned and kennel dogs, in the Lazio region (central Italy), where canine leishmaniasis is endemic. In the period 2010–2014, 13,292 sera from kennel and owned dogs were collected by official and private veterinarians. The presence of anti-Leishmania IgG was analysed by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using a 1:80 titre cut-off. At the univariable analysis, CanL seropositivity was associated with sex, size, breed, coat length, living with other dogs and forest/semi-natural land cover. At the multivariable analysis, age, ownership and attitude were confirmed as risk factors, being more than 2 years old, owned, and hunting dogs at higher risk. Being a Maremma sheepdog was a protective factor. A true overall seroprevalence of 6.7% (95% CI: 6.2–7.2) was estimated in the whole population while 7.3% (95% CI: 6.8–7.8) was estimated in kennel dogs and 74.3% (95% CI: 70.8–77.6) in owned dogs. The role of kennels as a key component for CanL active and passive surveillance was also highlighted. This study confirmed the endemicity of CanL in the Lazio region and focused some factors that can influence the seropositivity of dogs in a Mediterranean region.

犬利什曼病（CanL）是地中海地区由婴儿利什曼原虫引起的一种人畜共患寄生虫病，通过白蛉媒介传播。家犬是主要的宿主。本研究的目的是评估不同个体、环境和空间风险因素对狗接触L的影响。并估计了犬利什曼病流行的拉齐奥地区（意大利中部）的自养犬和养犬犬的血清流行率。2010 年至 2014 年期间，官方和私人兽医从犬舍和自养狗收集了 13,292 份血清。通过间接荧光抗体测试 (IFAT) 分析抗利什曼原虫 IgG的存在，使用 1:80 滴度截止值。在单变量分析中，CanL 血清阳性与性别、体型、品种、毛长、与其他狗一起生活以及森林/半自然土地覆盖有关。在多变量分析中，年龄、饲养和态度被确认为危险因素，2岁以上、饲养和猎犬的风险较高。作为马雷玛牧羊犬是一个保护因素。在整个人群中，估计真实的总体血清阳性率为 6.7% (95% CI: 6.2–7.2)，而在养狗场中估计为 7.3% (95% CI: 6.8–7.8)，在犬舍中估计为 74.3% (95% CI: 70.8–77.6)。 ）在养狗身上。狗舍作为 CanL 主动和被动监测的关键组成部分的作用也得到了强调。这项研究证实了 CanL 在拉齐奥地区的流行性，并重点关注了一些可能影响地中海地区狗血清阳性的因素。